Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
School of Management, Faculty of Social Science and Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
J Gambl Stud. 2022 Mar;38(1):1-13. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10029-y. Epub 2021 May 17.
Gambling is a common activity amongst young adults in the UK, and was a behavior of interest during the early mitigation against COVID-19 (first lockdown). The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used to investigate attitudes, moods and behavior during lockdown in England. ALSPAC participants were invited to complete online questionnaires in May 2020, including a set of questions about frequency of gambling and gambling activities which had been asked three years previously. Mental health and wellbeing data and alcohol use were also collected as part of lockdown questionnaires. Gambling questions were completed by 2632 young adults, 71% female, with a mean age of 27.8 years. Overall, gambling frequency reduced during lockdown for both males and females, but more males engaged in regular (weekly) gambling. Gambling activities became more restricted compared to previous reports, but online gambling (e.g. online poker, bingo, casino games) was more frequent. Previous gambling behaviour predicted gambling frequency during lockdown. No associations were apparent between gambling frequency and measures of mental health and well-being. Heavy alcohol use was strongly linked with regular gambling during lockdown. Gamblers were more than twice as likely as non-gamblers to have experienced financial difficulties pre-COVID, but gambling frequency was not related to employment status during lockdown. Online gambling increased during lockdown, whilst offline gambling activities decreased in frequency. A small minority of regular weekly gamblers, who tended to be male and heavy users of alcohol, participated in a wide range of online and offline gambling activities.
赌博是英国年轻人中常见的活动，也是 COVID-19 早期缓解（第一次封锁）期间的一个关注行为。阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子（ALSPAC）被用来调查英国封锁期间的态度、情绪和行为。ALSPAC 参与者被邀请在 2020 年 5 月完成在线问卷，其中包括一组关于赌博频率和赌博活动的问题，这些问题是三年前提出的。心理健康和幸福感数据以及酒精使用情况也作为封锁问卷的一部分进行了收集。共有 2632 名年轻成年人完成了赌博问题的调查，其中 71%为女性，平均年龄为 27.8 岁。总体而言，男性和女性的赌博频率在封锁期间都有所下降，但更多的男性进行了定期（每周）赌博。与之前的报告相比，赌博活动受到了更严格的限制，但在线赌博（如在线扑克、宾果、赌场游戏）更为频繁。之前的赌博行为预测了封锁期间的赌博频率。赌博频率与心理健康和幸福感的衡量标准之间没有明显的关联。大量饮酒与封锁期间的定期赌博密切相关。与非赌徒相比，赌徒在 COVID 之前经历财务困难的可能性高出两倍，但封锁期间的赌博频率与就业状况无关。在线赌博在封锁期间有所增加，而线下赌博活动的频率则有所下降。一小部分定期每周赌博者，他们往往是男性和大量饮酒者，参与了各种在线和线下赌博活动。
