College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Bull Entomol Res. 2021 Oct;111(5):616-627. doi: 10.1017/S0007485321000390. Epub 2021 May 17.
The short-lived polygamous moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is an important fruit pest worldwide. Trapping males by synthetic female sex pheromones is not an effective reproductive control strategy. It is important to improve this technology by understanding the mating system of G. molesta. This study investigated mating opportunities and fertile egg production by altering the operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history in repeated single mating and multiple mating in the two sexes. Our results showed that the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin males were affected by the number and age of virgin females. Males preferred a female number ≤three-fifths of the male number or ≤2-day-old females, while they discriminated against a female number ≥three times of the male number or ≥5-day-old females. On the other hand, the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin females were affected by repeated single mating and especially multiple mating under different male mating histories. Females preferred once-mated males and discriminated against virgin males. These results indicated that mating systems including more and older virgin females for virgin males and different virgin males for virgin females may be suitable for suppressing G. molesta populations. Hence, these results revealed that preventing mating of virgin adults by synthetic female sex pheromones should be most effective in controlling G. molesta.
短命多型的桃小食心虫 Grapholita molesta (Busck) 是一种世界性的重要果实害虫。用合成雌性信息素来诱捕雄性并不是一种有效的生殖控制策略。通过了解 G. molesta 的交配系统来改进这项技术非常重要。本研究通过改变操作性别比例、交配年龄和雄性交配史，在两性中重复单次交配和多次交配，调查了交配机会和可育卵的产生。我们的结果表明，处女雄虫的交配和生殖参数受处女雌虫数量和年龄的影响。雄虫偏好雌虫数量≤雄性数量的五分之三或≤ 2 日龄的雌虫，而它们对雌虫数量≥雄性数量的三倍或≥ 5 日龄的雌虫有歧视。另一方面，处女雌虫的交配和生殖参数受重复单次交配的影响，特别是在不同的雄虫交配史下的多次交配。雌虫偏好交配过一次的雄虫，而歧视处女雄虫。这些结果表明，对于处女雄虫来说，包括更多和更老的处女雌虫，以及对于处女雌虫来说，包括不同的处女雄虫的交配系统可能适合抑制 G. molesta 种群。因此，这些结果表明，通过合成雌性性信息素来阻止处女成虫交配，应该是控制 G. molesta 的最有效方法。
