In this work, one-dimensional (1D) ZnFeO@carbon@MoS/FeS composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method, magnetic-field-induced distillation-precipitation polymerization and high-temperature carbonization. The structure, morphology, composition, magnetic performance and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing properties of the composites were systematically studied. The composites show strong microwave absorption (MA) capacity with a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of -52.5 dB at 13.2 GHz, and have an effective absorption frequency range of 10.10-15.08 GHz with a bandwidth of 4.98 GHz when the thickness is 2.23 mm. It is expected that as-synthesized 1D ZnFeO@carbon@MoS/FeS composites can be a promising EM wave absorption material.