Langley Paul C
Adjunct Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota.
Innov Pharm. 2020 Nov 12;11(4). doi: 10.24926/iip.v11i4.3542. eCollection 2020.
This latest version of the Minnesota guidelines is intended to reassert the application of the standards of normal science in formulary submissions for new and existing pharmaceutical products and devices. This represents a paradigm shift from the existing value assessment standards which are focused on imaginary or I-QALY modeling of lifetime claims. The proposed new paradigm rejects this as pseudoscience; a failure to recognize the standards of normal science, in particular a failure to recognize the constraints of fundamental measurement. As a result, current health technology assessment is dominated by value assessments that create claims that are neither credible, nor empirically evaluable or replicable. The fatal flaw is the failure to recognize that QALYS are an impossible mathematical construct (hence the term I-QALY). The proposed paradigm recognizes that if there are claims for product value then, regardless of whether the claim is for clinical impact, quality of life or resource utilization, all claims must be empirically evaluable. If not, then they should be rejected. The Minnesota guidelines propose a new evidence based approach to formulary assessment, together with ongoing disease area and therapeutic class reviews. The focus is on claims that are specific to target patient populations that are claims for specific attributes and are consistent with the axioms of fundamental measurement. Manufacturers are asked to support claims assessment through protocols detailing the evidence base for claims assessment, the timelines for those assessments and the process by which claims assessments are reported back to formulary committees. Value assessment leads naturally to value contracting, revisiting provisional prices as new information is discovered and delivered to the formulary committee.
明尼苏达指南的最新版本旨在重申正常科学标准在新的和现有的药品及器械处方申请中的应用。这代表了一种范式转变,从现有的侧重于对终身索赔进行虚构或I-QALY建模的价值评估标准转变而来。提议的新范式将此视为伪科学予以摒弃;未能认识到正常科学的标准,尤其是未能认识到基本测量的限制。结果,当前的卫生技术评估主要由价值评估主导,这些评估所产生的索赔既不可信,也无法进行实证评估或复制。致命的缺陷在于未能认识到QALYs是一种不可能的数学构建(因此有了I-QALY这个术语)。提议的范式认识到,如果存在关于产品价值的索赔,那么无论该索赔是针对临床影响、生活质量还是资源利用,所有索赔都必须是可实证评估的。如果不是,那么就应该予以拒绝。明尼苏达指南提出了一种基于新证据的处方评估方法,以及持续进行的疾病领域和治疗类别审查。重点在于针对目标患者群体的特定索赔,即针对特定属性的索赔,且与基本测量的公理一致。要求制造商通过详细说明索赔评估证据基础、评估时间表以及向处方委员会报告索赔评估过程的方案来支持索赔评估。价值评估自然会导向价值合同,随着新信息被发现并提交给处方委员会,重新审视临时价格。