Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
Behav Genet. 2021 Sep;51(5):528-542. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10063-x. Epub 2021 May 19.
Compared to peer alcohol use, less is known on how parenting practices may modify genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol use longitudinally across adolescence. This study examined whether two maternal parenting behaviors, supervision and harsh parenting, may suppress or amplify genetic and environmental influences on three distinct developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol use: normative increasing, early-onset, and low trajectories. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of a population-based twin sample (N = 842, 84% European descent, 52.7% female). Adolescents self-reported their past year alcohol use at ages 13, 14, 15, and 17 years, and their mothers reported their supervision and harsh parenting when twins were 13, 15, and 17 years old. Maternal supervision amplified non-shared environmental influence on the normative increasing and early-onset trajectories, whereas maternal harsh parenting amplified shared environmental influence on the early-onset trajectory and non-shared environmental influence on the low trajectory, respectively. The findings suggest maternal parenting practices as a potent developmental context that modulates the environmental influences of other proximal processes on adolescent alcohol use, and suggest that family-based parenting-focused intervention could be especially beneficial for adolescents following the early-onset trajectory.
相较于同伴饮酒行为，人们对养育方式如何在青少年时期的纵向发展中改变酒精使用的遗传和环境因素知之甚少。本研究考察了两种母亲养育行为，监督和严厉养育，是否可能抑制或放大遗传和环境对青少年酒精使用的三种不同发展轨迹的影响：正常增长型、早期开始型和低度轨迹。参与者来自一项基于人群的双胞胎样本的纵向研究（N=842，84%欧洲血统，52.7%女性）。青少年在 13、14、15 和 17 岁时自我报告过去一年的饮酒情况，他们的母亲在双胞胎 13、15 和 17 岁时报告监督和严厉养育情况。母亲监督放大了非共享环境对正常增长和早期开始轨迹的影响，而母亲严厉养育放大了共享环境对早期开始轨迹的影响和非共享环境对低度轨迹的影响。研究结果表明，母亲养育方式是一个强大的发展环境，调节了其他近端过程对青少年酒精使用的环境影响，这表明以家庭为基础、以养育为重点的干预措施可能对遵循早期开始轨迹的青少年特别有益。
