Bauer Antje, Forchhammer Karl
Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.
Microb Physiol. 2021;31(2):99-108. doi: 10.1159/000516427. Epub 2021 May 19.
Predatory bacteria gained interest in the last 20 years. Nevertheless, only a few species are well characterized. The endobiotic predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus invades its prey to consume it from the inside, whereas Myxococcus xanthus hunts as a whole group to overcome its prey. Both species were described to prey on cyanobacteria as well. This minireview summarizes the findings of the last 20 years of predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria and is supplemented by new findings from a screening experiment for bacterial predators of the model organism Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937. Known predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and follow different hunting strategies. The underlying mechanisms are in most cases not known in much detail. Isolates from the screening experiment were clustered after predation behaviour and analyzed with respect to their size. The effect of predation in high nitrate levels and the occurrence of nitrogen-fixing cells, called heterocysts, are addressed.
在过去20年里，掠食性细菌引起了人们的关注。然而，只有少数物种得到了充分的表征。内生掠食者食菌蛭弧菌侵入猎物并从内部将其消耗，而黄色黏球菌则以整个群体的形式捕食以战胜猎物。这两个物种也被描述为以蓝细菌为食。这篇综述总结了过去20年中掠食性细菌捕食蓝细菌的研究结果，并补充了对模式生物多变鱼腥藻PCC 7937的细菌捕食者进行筛选实验的新发现。已知的捕食蓝细菌的掠食性细菌属于变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门，并且遵循不同的捕食策略。在大多数情况下，其潜在机制尚不清楚。筛选实验中的分离菌株根据捕食行为进行聚类，并对其大小进行分析。文中还讨论了高硝酸盐水平下的捕食效应以及固氮细胞（即异形胞）的出现情况。
