Zhu Xiaolin, Hu Ying, Wu Guan, Chen Wei, Bao Ningzhong
State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R. China.
ACS Nano. 2021 Jun 22;15(6):9273-9298. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02356. Epub 2021 May 21.
Soft electro-chemo-mechanical actuators have received enormous interest in biomimetic technologies, wearable electronics, and microelectromechanical systems due to their low voltage-driven large deformation, fast response, high strain, and working durability. Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, which can highly promote ion-induced micromotion to macrodeformation, have outstandingly been used as prime actuator electrodes because of their ordered microstructures, tunable interlayer spaces, controllable electrochemical activities, and excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Here, this review primarily focuses on the recent advances in key 2D electro-chemo-mechanical actuator electrodes, including graphene, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, molybdenum disulfide, black phosphorus, and graphdiyne. Various synthetic strategies of electrode design, such as microstructural architecture, active-site regulation, and channel construction, for achieving high ionic kinetic transport, charge storage, and electrochemical-mechanical performances are discussed. The advanced structures with diverse building principles that provide ordered and active ionic pathways for high actuation speed and strain are emphasized. Furthermore, the innovative applications of electro-chemo-mechanical actuators toward biomimetic robots and smart devices are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are also proposed. The aim of this review is to provide the guiding significance for scientific researchers and industrial engineers to design higher performance next-generation electro-chemo-mechanical actuators.
软质电化学机械致动器因其低电压驱动下的大变形、快速响应、高应变和工作耐久性，在仿生技术、可穿戴电子设备和微机电系统领域受到了广泛关注。二维（2D）纳米片能够极大地促进离子诱导的微观运动向宏观变形的转变，由于其有序的微观结构、可调节的层间间距、可控的电化学活性以及优异的电学和力学性能，已出色地用作主要的致动器电极。在此，本综述主要聚焦于关键二维电化学机械致动器电极的最新进展，包括石墨烯、MXenes、石墨相氮化碳、二硫化钼、黑磷和石墨炔。讨论了各种用于实现高离子动力学传输、电荷存储和电化学机械性能的电极设计合成策略，如微观结构构筑、活性位点调控和通道构建。强调了具有不同构建原理的先进结构，这些结构为高致动速度和应变提供了有序且活跃的离子通道。此外，还突出了电化学机械致动器在仿生机器人和智能设备方面的创新应用。最后，提出了当前面临的挑战和未来展望。本综述旨在为科研人员和工业工程师设计更高性能的下一代电化学机械致动器提供指导意义。
