美国高中生睡眠不足与处方类阿片类药物滥用之间的关联。

Associations between insufficient sleep and prescription opioid misuse among high school students in the United States.

机构信息

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

出版信息

J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Nov 1;17(11):2205-2214. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9418.

DOI:10.5664/jcsm.9418

PMID:34019477

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8636372/

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between insufficient sleep and prescription opioid misuse among US high school students.

METHODS

Participants were 6,884 high school students who self-reported on sleep duration and prescription opioid misuse in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Sleep duration was categorized by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines as follows: recommended sleep duration (8-9 hours) vs insufficient sleep (< 8 hours). Participants also reported whether they had any prescription opioid misuse during their lifetime and whether they had prescription opioid misuse within the past 30 days.

RESULTS

Most (79.4%) participants reported sleeping less than 8 hours per night. Among all youth, 12.9% reported lifetime prescription opioid misuse and 6.2% reported current prescription opioid misuse. Prevalence of both lifetime and current opioid medication misuse was higher among those also reporting insufficient sleep compared to those reporting recommended sleep duration (14.3% vs 7.7%, < .0001 for lifetime misuse and 6.6% vs 4.3%, = .0091 for current misuse). In multivariate models, insufficient sleep was associated with an increased odds of lifetime prescription opioid misuse (adjusted odds ratios = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.2; = .006); however, we did not find an association between sleep duration and current prescription opioid misuse in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Sleep duration is associated with lifetime opioid misuse among US youth. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether causal relationships exist, and to understand biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie associations between sleep deficiency and opioid misuse in adolescents.

CITATION

Groenewald CB, Rabbitts JA, Tham SW, Law EF, Palermo TM. Associations between insufficient sleep and prescription opioid misuse among high school students in the United States. . 2021;17(11):2205-2214.

摘要

研究目的

本研究旨在评估美国高中生睡眠不足与处方阿片类药物滥用之间的关联。

方法

参与者为 6884 名在 2019 年青少年风险行为调查中报告睡眠持续时间和处方阿片类药物滥用的高中生。根据美国睡眠医学学会的指南，青少年风险行为调查将睡眠持续时间分为以下几类：推荐的睡眠持续时间（8-9 小时）与睡眠不足（<8 小时）。参与者还报告了他们在一生中是否有任何处方阿片类药物滥用，以及他们在过去 30 天内是否有处方阿片类药物滥用。

结果

大多数（79.4%）参与者报告每晚睡眠时间少于 8 小时。在所有青少年中，12.9%报告有终生处方阿片类药物滥用，6.2%报告有当前处方阿片类药物滥用。与报告推荐睡眠持续时间的青少年相比，报告睡眠不足的青少年中终生和当前阿片类药物滥用的患病率更高（14.3%对 7.7%，终生滥用，<0.0001；6.6%对 4.3%，当前滥用，=0.0091）。在多变量模型中，睡眠不足与终生处方阿片类药物滥用的几率增加相关（调整后的优势比=1.4；95%置信区间，1.1-1.2；=0.006）；然而，我们在多变量分析中没有发现睡眠持续时间与当前处方阿片类药物滥用之间的关联。