Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Res. 2021 Aug;199:111350. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111350. Epub 2021 May 19.
Time spent outdoors has been previously related to several cardiovascular risk factors, implying that it may confer either beneficial or harmful effects on cardiovascular health. However, no large population-based studies have examined the relation between time spent outdoors and myocardial infarction and stroke.
We aimed to investigate the longitudinal relation between time spent outdoors and myocardial infarction and stroke in large UK population-based cohort.
A total of 446,648 participants from UK Biobank were included in the study of which 431,146 participants (56% females and 44% males with a mean age of 56.4 ± 8.1 years) were followed for a median time of 7 years. Time spent outdoors was self-reported and participants were stratified into quantiles (less than 1.5 [reference group]; 1.5 to 2.4; 2.5 to 3.5 and more than 3.5 h per day outdoors). Myocardial infarction and stroke events were either collected from hospital records and death registries or were self-reported by the participants. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the analysis. In addition to age and sex, analyses were adjusted for potential demographic (TDI, ethnic background, current employment status), lifestyle (alcohol intake frequency, current tobacco use, sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), health related factors (BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and environmental indicators (NO, NO, PM, PM, PM, noise pollution, % greenspace, % natural environment and % water).
A 20% increased risk for myocardial infarction incidence was observed among participants who reported spending more than 3.5 h/day outdoors (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.36) compared to the reference group. A trend was also observed for stroke (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.97-1.34).
Findings from the present study indicate that spending more than 3.5 h/day outdoors is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Future research is needed to further understand the relation between time spent outdoors and cardiovascular disease.
以往的研究表明，户外活动时间与多种心血管风险因素有关，这表明户外活动可能对心血管健康有益，也可能有害。然而，还没有大型的基于人群的研究调查户外活动时间与心肌梗死和中风之间的关系。
本研究旨在调查英国大型基于人群的队列中户外活动时间与心肌梗死和中风之间的纵向关系。
共纳入英国生物库的 446648 名参与者，其中 431146 名参与者（56%为女性，44%为男性，平均年龄为 56.4±8.1 岁）随访中位数时间为 7 年。户外活动时间由自我报告，参与者被分为几个定量组（少于 1.5 小时[参考组]；1.5 至 2.4 小时；2.5 至 3.5 小时；超过 3.5 小时/天）。心肌梗死和中风事件要么是从医院记录和死亡登记中收集的，要么是参与者自我报告的。采用 Cox 比例风险回归进行分析。除了年龄和性别，分析还调整了潜在的人口统计学因素（TDI、种族背景、当前就业状况）、生活方式因素（饮酒频率、当前吸烟、久坐时间和中高强度体力活动）、健康相关因素（BMI、收缩压和舒张压）和环境指标（NO、NO、PM、PM、PM、噪声污染、绿地百分比、自然环境百分比和水百分比）。
与参考组相比，报告每天户外活动超过 3.5 小时的参与者，心肌梗死发生率增加 20%（HR：1.20，95%CI：1.06-1.36）。也观察到中风的趋势（HR：1.14，95%CI：0.97-1.34）。
本研究的结果表明，每天户外活动超过 3.5 小时是心肌梗死和中风的危险因素。需要进一步的研究来更好地理解户外活动时间与心血管疾病之间的关系。
