Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Infect Public Health. 2021 Jun;14(6):709-716. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.03.007. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical features of COVID-19 were mentioned in previous studies. However, risk factors for COVID-19 are not fully recognized. The aim of this study is to characterize risk factors and clinical features of COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
A retrospective, chart-review, case-control study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data on patients diagnosed between March 18 and May 18, 2020 were collected and analyzed.
We reviewed medical records on 297 suspected cases of COVID-19. Of these, 175 (59%) tested positive for COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and considered as cases, while 122 (41%) tested negative and considered as control. COVID-19 positive cases were more likely to be males, and non-health care providers. Hypertension (15%), diabetes (10%) and two or more concurrent comorbidities (54.4%) were more prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Patients presented with fever, cough, and loss of taste/smell were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (P = 0.001, 0.008, 0.008; respectively). Radiological evidence of pneumonia was associated with confirmed COVID-19 disease (P = 0.001). Shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with the risk of COVID-19 at presentation. On admission, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Surprisingly, D-Dimer levels were lower among COVID-19 positive patients when compared with controls.
Male gender, hypertension, and diabetes are the most commonly observed risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 patient had significantly lower lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。COVID-19 的临床特征在之前的研究中已有提及。然而，COVID-19 的风险因素尚未完全明确。本研究旨在描述沙特阿拉伯吉达 COVID-19 疾病的风险因素和临床特征。
在沙特阿拉伯吉达的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学进行了一项回顾性的图表审查病例对照研究。收集并分析了 2020 年 3 月 18 日至 5 月 18 日期间确诊的患者的人口统计学、临床、影像学和实验室数据。
我们共回顾了 297 例疑似 COVID-19 患者的病历。其中，175 例（59%）通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测对 COVID-19 呈阳性，被视为病例，而 122 例（41%）检测结果为阴性，被视为对照。COVID-19 阳性病例中男性和非医疗保健工作者更为常见。高血压（15%）、糖尿病（10%）和两种或更多合并症（54.4%）在 COVID-19 患者中更为普遍。出现发热、咳嗽和味觉/嗅觉丧失的患者更有可能对 COVID-19 检测呈阳性（P=0.001、0.008、0.008；分别）。肺炎的影像学证据与确诊的 COVID-19 疾病相关（P=0.001）。入院时，与对照组相比，COVID-19 患者的白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和血小板明显较低。令人惊讶的是，与对照组相比，COVID-19 阳性患者的 D-二聚体水平较低。
在沙特阿拉伯吉达，男性、高血压和糖尿病是与 COVID-19 疾病相关的最常见的风险因素。COVID-19 患者的淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞计数明显较低。
