Design and synthesis of amine grafted graphene oxide encapsulated chitosan hybrid beads for defluoridation of water.

The promising adsorbent like graphene oxide (GO), chitosan (CS) and amine functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) decorated chitosan (CS) namely AGO@CS composite beads was efficiently prepared for defluoridation studies. The prepared AGO@CS composite beads possess enriched defluoridation capacity (DC) of 4650 mgF kg. Batch method was used to optimize the maximum DC of AGO@CS composite beads. The physicochemical properties of AGO@CS composite beads were explored by numerous instrumental techniques viz., FTIR, Raman, XPS, SEM and TGA investigation. The experimental values of AGO@CS composite beads for fluoride removal at various temperature conditions were assessed with adsorption isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The possible defluoridation mechanism of AGO@CS beads was mostly proposed that electrostatic attraction. The reusability and field investigation results of AGO@CS beads shows they are regenerable and applicable at field circumstances.