Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Infect Immun. 2021 Jul 15;89(8):e0011621. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00116-21.
Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterium-derived gastroenteritis worldwide, impacting 96 million individuals annually. Unlike other bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract, Campylobacter spp. lack many of the classical virulence factors that are often associated with the ability to induce disease in humans, including an array of canonical secretion systems and toxins. Consequently, the clinical manifestations of human campylobacteriosis and its resulting gastrointestinal pathology are believed to be primarily due to the host immune response toward the bacterium. Further, while gastrointestinal infection is usually self-limiting, numerous postinfectious disorders can occur, including the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Because gastrointestinal disease likely results from the host immune response, the development of these postinfectious disorders may be due to dysregulation or misdirection of the same inflammatory response. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important to the Campylobacter field, and human health, that the cellular immune responses toward Campylobacter be better understood, including which immunological events are critical to the development of disease and the postinfectious disorders mentioned above. In this review, we collectively cover the cellular immune responses across susceptible hosts to Campylobacter jejuni infection, along with the tissue pathology and postinfectious disorders which may develop.
弯曲菌属是全球导致细菌性胃肠炎的主要病原体，每年影响 9600 万人。与胃肠道中的其他细菌病原体不同，弯曲菌属缺乏许多与诱导人类疾病能力相关的经典毒力因子，包括一系列经典的分泌系统和毒素。因此，人类弯曲菌病的临床表现及其胃肠道病理变化主要被认为是宿主对细菌的免疫反应所致。此外，虽然胃肠道感染通常是自限性的，但会发生许多感染后疾病，包括格林-巴利综合征、反应性关节炎和肠易激综合征的发生。由于胃肠道疾病可能是由宿主免疫反应引起的，这些感染后疾病的发生可能是由于相同炎症反应的失调或错位。因此，了解宿主对弯曲菌的细胞免疫反应变得越来越重要，包括哪些免疫事件对疾病和上述感染后疾病的发展至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们综合讨论了易感性宿主对空肠弯曲菌感染的细胞免疫反应，以及可能发展的组织病理学和感染后疾病。
