Li Ting-Kun, Feng Yin-Chang, Wu Jian-Hui, Bi Xiao-Hui, Zhang Yu-Fen
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Jun 8;42(6):2740-2747. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202010059.
Treatment of industrial atmospheric emission sources is an important way to improve air quality, but accurate pollution control remains still an urgent challenge. Taking Xiqing District of Tianjin as an example, based on the second national pollution source census, this study carried out a quantitative evaluation of the pollutant emission performance of industrial enterprises and explored the significance, feasibility, and challenges facing emission performance evaluation. The results show that the emission performance of various industries in Xiqing District vary greatly. The pollutant emission performance level is closely related to an industry's own attributes, development scale, and management level. On the whole, the emission performance level of industries with high production process emission coefficients and a high proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises (such as furniture manufacturing, the metal products industry, ferrous metal smelting, and the rolling processing industry) is worse, while the emission performance of high-end industries represented by computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing and automobile manufacturing is generally better. The emission performance of different enterprises in the same industry also varies greatly. For example, the 11 enterprises with the worst performance in the metal machinery manufacturing industry only contributed 0.06% of industrial output yet their PM emission contribution reached 8.50%. The 19 worst-performing enterprises in the rubber and plastic industry contributed 4.76% of industrial output yet their VOCs emissions accounted for 43.59% of the total. At the same time, this study presents an emissions reduction plan according to the relevant technical guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Based on this, the cost of emissions reduction could be cut by as much as 90% when the pollutant emissions reductions of the same scale are reduced. The gap in the pollutant emissions performance of various industries and enterprises, the incongruity between economic benefits and environmental costs, and the important guiding role of emission performance evaluation for emissions reductions demonstrate the necessity of performance evaluation. Overall, this research shows that pollutant emission performance evaluation can effectively support macro-industrial structure adjustment and the environmental governance of meso-micro industrial enterprises, providing an important reference for pollution control interventions.
治理工业大气排放源是改善空气质量的重要途径，但精准污染控制仍是一项紧迫挑战。以天津市西青区为例，基于第二次全国污染源普查，本研究对工业企业污染物排放绩效进行了定量评估，并探讨了排放绩效评估面临的意义、可行性和挑战。结果表明，西青区各行业的排放绩效差异很大。污染物排放绩效水平与行业自身属性、发展规模和管理水平密切相关。总体而言，生产过程排放系数高且中小企业占比高的行业（如家具制造业、金属制品业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业）排放绩效水平较差，而以计算机通信等电子设备制造业和汽车制造业为代表的高端行业排放绩效总体较好。同一行业内不同企业的排放绩效也差异很大。例如，金属机械制造业中绩效最差的11家企业工业产值仅占0.06%，但其颗粒物排放贡献却达8.50%。橡胶和塑料制品业中绩效最差的19家企业工业产值占4.76%，但其挥发性有机物排放量却占总量的43.59%。同时，本研究根据生态环境部相关技术指南提出了减排方案。据此，在实现同等规模污染物减排时，可将减排成本降低多达90%。各行业和企业污染物排放绩效的差距、经济效益与环境成本的不协调以及排放绩效评估对减排的重要指导作用，都表明了绩效评估的必要性。总体而言，本研究表明污染物排放绩效评估能够有效支持宏观产业结构调整和中微观工业企业环境治理，为污染控制干预提供重要参考。
