尼帕病毒
Nipah Virus
作者信息
Rathish Balram, Vaishnani Kushal
机构信息
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
Nipah virus (NiV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae and Henipavirus genus, which also consists of Hendra virus (HeV) as well as the Cedar virus. NiV was first identified in Malaysia in 1998 and has since caused numerous outbreaks in and around South and Southeast Asia. NiV is a WHO priority pathogen due to its propensity for causing outbreaks. NiV is a zoonotic disease, with the reservoir of NiV being the fruit bat from which spillover likely happened to pigs and subsequently humans. NiV is considered a Biological safety level 4 (BSL 4) pathogen due to the unavailability of effective treatment or vaccination against it. As it is a zoonotic disease, a One Health approach involving humans, animals, and the environment is necessary to prevent further spillovers.
尼帕病毒（NiV）是一种RNA病毒，属于副粘病毒科亨尼帕病毒属，该属还包括亨德拉病毒（HeV）以及雪松病毒。尼帕病毒于1998年在马来西亚首次被发现，此后在南亚和东南亚及其周边地区引发了多次疫情。由于其引发疫情的倾向，尼帕病毒是世界卫生组织的重点病原体。尼帕病毒是一种人畜共患病，其储存宿主是果蝠，病毒可能从果蝠传播到猪，随后传播给人类。由于缺乏针对尼帕病毒的有效治疗方法或疫苗，它被视为生物安全4级（BSL 4）病原体。由于它是一种人畜共患病，因此需要采取涉及人类、动物和环境的“同一健康”方法来防止病毒进一步传播。
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