Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, C.P. 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico; Dirección de Cátedras CONACYT. Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estación El Carmen, C.P. 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 1;284:117391. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117391. Epub 2021 May 18.
Sessile benthic organisms are considered good bioindicators for monitoring environmental quality of coastal ecosystems. However, these environments are impacted by new pollutants such as microplastics (MPs), where there is limited information about organisms that can be used as reliable bioindicators of these emerging contaminants. We evaluated MP concentrations in three compartments: surface sediment, water and in three marine sponge species (Haliclona implexiformis, Halichondria melanadocia and Amorphinopsis atlantica), to determine whether these organisms accumulate MPs and reflect their possible sources. Results showed MPs in all three compartments. Average concentrations ranged from 1861 to 3456 items kg of dry weight in marine sponges, 130 to 287 items L in water and 6 to 11 items kg in sediment. The maximum MP concentration was in the sponge A. atlantica, which registered 5000 items kg of dry weight, in water was 670 items L and in sediment was 28 items kg, these values were found in the disturbed study area. The three sponge species exhibited MP bioaccumulation and showed significant differences between disturbed and pristine sites (F = 11.2, p < 0.05), suggesting their use as bioindicators of MP.
固着底栖生物被认为是监测沿海生态系统环境质量的良好生物指标。然而，这些环境受到新污染物如微塑料（MPs）的影响，对于可以作为这些新兴污染物可靠生物指标的生物，相关信息有限。我们评估了三个隔室中的 MPs 浓度：表层沉积物、水和三种海洋海绵物种（Haliclona implexiformis、Halichondria melanadocia 和 Amorphinopsis atlantica），以确定这些生物体是否积累 MPs 并反映其可能的来源。结果表明所有三个隔室都存在 MPs。平均浓度范围为海洋海绵中 1861 至 3456 个项目 kg 干重，水中 130 至 287 个项目 L，沉积物中 6 至 11 个项目 kg。MP 浓度最高的是海绵 A. atlantica，其在干燥重量中记录了 5000 个项目 kg，在水中为 670 个项目 L，在沉积物中为 28 个项目 kg，这些值是在受干扰的研究区域发现的。三种海绵物种都表现出 MPs 的生物积累，并且在受干扰和原始区域之间存在显著差异（F = 11.2，p < 0.05），表明它们可用作 MPs 的生物指标。
