Folcik Alexandra M, Pillai Suresh D
Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
National Center for Electron Beam Research, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Collaborating Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993. 2020 Dec;177. doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109128. Epub 2020 Aug 16.
Harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms pose threats to human and ecological health due to their release of hazardous toxins. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent hepatotoxin, is the most prevalent cyanotoxin found in freshwater blooms. Although produced by many species of cyanobacteria, is most commonly associated with MC-LR production. These blooms are increasing in occurrence in lakes, ponds, and other surface waters and, therefore, require efficient treatment methods to be removed from water supplies. Ionizing radiation technologies offer promising approaches for the removal of organic pollutants in water, including cyanotoxins and cyanobacteria. Gamma irradiation for the degradation of cyano-bacteria and toxins is effective for overall MC-LR degradation as well as reducing cell concentrations. However, gamma irradiation technology involves use of radioactive isotopes and, therefore, may not feasible commercially from a security perspective. Electron beam (eBeam) irradiation technology, which relies on regular electricity to generate highly energetic electrons, is able to achieve the same results without the confounding challenges of radioactive isotopes and related security issues. In this critical review, the current state of the science concerning the remediation of MC-LR and with ionizing radiation technologies is presented and future necessary research is discussed.
有害藻华和蓝藻水华因其释放有害毒素而对人类和生态健康构成威胁。微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）是一种强效肝毒素，是淡水水华中最常见的蓝藻毒素。尽管许多蓝藻物种都会产生微囊藻毒素-LR，但它最常与特定物种相关。这些水华在湖泊、池塘和其他地表水的出现频率不断增加，因此需要有效的处理方法来从供水系统中去除。电离辐射技术为去除水中的有机污染物（包括蓝藻毒素和蓝藻）提供了有前景的方法。用于降解蓝藻和毒素的伽马辐射对于整体MC-LR降解以及降低细胞浓度是有效的。然而，伽马辐射技术涉及使用放射性同位素，因此从安全角度来看，在商业上可能不可行。电子束（eBeam）辐照技术依靠常规电力产生高能电子，能够在不面临放射性同位素及相关安全问题的复杂挑战的情况下取得相同效果。在这篇批判性综述中，介绍了有关用电离辐射技术修复MC-LR及特定蓝藻的科学现状，并讨论了未来必要的研究。
