Hou Su-I, Cao Xian
University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2021 May 12;7:23337214211015451. doi: 10.1177/23337214211015451. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
Aging in Community (AIC) is the preferred way to age. This systematic review identified promising AIC models in the U.S. and analyzed model characteristics and push-pull factors from older adults' perspectives. Push factors are those driving older adults to leave, while pull factors attract them to stay in a community. We conducted a two-phase search strategy using eight databases. Phase I identified promising AIC models and Phase II expanded each specific model identified. Fifty-two of 244 screened articles met the criteria and were analyzed. We identified four promising AIC models with the potential to achieve person-environment (P-E) fit, including village, naturally occurring retirement community (NORC), cohousing, and university-based retirement community (UBRC). Each has a unique way of helping older adults with their aging needs. Similar and unique push-pull factors of each AIC model were discussed. Analyses showed that pull factors were mostly program factors while push factors were often individual circumstances. Continued research is needed to address the challenges of recruiting minority older adults and those of lower socio-economic status, meeting older adults' diverse and dynamic needs, and conducting comparative studies to share lessons learned across the globe.
社区养老是首选的养老方式。本系统综述确定了美国有前景的社区养老模式，并从老年人的角度分析了模式特征以及推拉因素。推动因素是促使老年人离开的因素，而拉动因素则吸引他们留在社区。我们使用八个数据库进行了两阶段搜索策略。第一阶段确定了有前景的社区养老模式，第二阶段对每个确定的具体模式进行了扩展。244篇筛选文章中有52篇符合标准并进行了分析。我们确定了四个有潜力实现人与环境（P-E）适配的有前景的社区养老模式，包括村庄、自然形成的退休社区（NORC）、共同住房和大学附属退休社区（UBRC）。每个模式都有独特的方式来帮助老年人满足其养老需求。讨论了每个社区养老模式相似和独特的推拉因素。分析表明，拉动因素大多是项目因素，而推动因素往往是个人情况。需要持续开展研究，以应对招募少数族裔老年人和社会经济地位较低的老年人的挑战，满足老年人多样化和动态的需求，并进行比较研究以分享全球经验教训。
