Lazeras Chloé, Cartier Mégane, Bonnet Marie, Laurens Brice, Meissner Wassilios G, Planche Vincent
Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherches, Pôle de neurosciences cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, France.
Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherches, Pôle de neurosciences cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, France, Centre expert Parkinson, Pôle de neurosciences cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, France.
Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2021 Jun 1;19(2):191-201. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2021.0933.
Many studies have shown that individuals with neurodegenerative diseases are a risk factor for being involved in a traffic accident. However, driving is critical for social integration and independence in daily life. Lack of consensus and standardized assessment of driving abilities in these patients is problematic. This article summarizes the various multidisciplinary evaluations proposed, their limits, and the societal issues raised by such an evaluation. Several neuropsychological theoretical models have attempted to describe the cognitive processes involved in car driving. Moreover, several studies have sought to determine which cognitive functions are impaired in distinct disorders and best explained driving errors. We here describe the relationships between neuropsychological performance and driving abilities for the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders. It appears that a full neuropsychological assessment is necessary to determine accurately which patients are at risk of dangerous driving. In particular, cognitive impairments in attention, visual-spatial abilities, executive functions, and/or information processing speed appear to be the most likely involved in driving errors.
许多研究表明，患有神经退行性疾病的个体是发生交通事故的一个风险因素。然而，驾驶对于社会融入和日常生活中的独立性至关重要。在这些患者中，缺乏对驾驶能力的共识和标准化评估是个问题。本文总结了所提出的各种多学科评估方法、它们的局限性以及这种评估所引发的社会问题。几种神经心理学理论模型试图描述驾驶汽车所涉及的认知过程。此外，一些研究试图确定在不同疾病中哪些认知功能受损，并能最好地解释驾驶失误。我们在此描述最常见神经退行性疾病的神经心理学表现与驾驶能力之间的关系。看来进行全面的神经心理学评估对于准确确定哪些患者存在危险驾驶风险是必要的。特别是，注意力、视觉空间能力、执行功能和/或信息处理速度方面的认知障碍似乎最有可能与驾驶失误有关。
