Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark.
J Athl Train. 2022 Jan 1;57(1):72-78. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0522.20.
CONTEXT: The epidemiologic focus on time loss may underestimate the true magnitude of hip and groin problems in male ice hockey players. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, incidence, and severity of hip and groin problems (time loss and non-time loss) in Swedish ice hockey players over the course of a season and explore potential preseason risk factors for these conditions. DESIGN: Prospective 1-season cohort study. SETTING: Professional and semiprofessional Swedish ice hockey players. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12 professional and semiprofessional male ice hockey teams were invited to participate. Of those, 9 teams agreed, and 163 players were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hip and groin problems in the previous season (time loss, non-time loss), isometric adduction and abduction strength, and 5-second squeeze test results were recorded before the season and served as independent variables in the risk factor analysis. Main outcome measures were cumulative incidence of hip and groin problems, average prevalence, and odds ratios (ORs) for groin problems in season. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence was 45.4% (95% CI = 37.6%, 53.4%) for all problems and 19% (95% CI = 13.3%, 25.9%) for substantial problems. Average prevalence was 14.1% (95% CI = 10.8%, 17.5%) for all and 5.7% (95% CI = 4.3%, 7.2%) for substantial problems. Among reported problems, 69.2% had a gradual onset, and only 17% led to time loss. Players with non-time-loss problems in the previous season had higher odds for new problems (all: OR = 3.3 [95% CI = 1.7, 6.3]; substantial: OR = 3.6 [95% CI = 1.8, 8.4]). Preseason strength was not significantly associated with the odds for subsequent problems. CONCLUSION: Hip and groin problems are common in ice hockey players and may lead to substantial impairments in performance. Only 1 in 5 problems led to time loss, and 7 in 10 had a gradual onset. Non-time-loss problems in the previous season were a significant risk factor for new problems, whereas decreased preseason hip-adduction and -abduction strength was not.
背景：对时间损失的流行病学关注可能低估了男性冰球运动员髋关节和腹股沟问题的真实严重程度。
目的：描述瑞典冰球运动员在一个赛季中髋关节和腹股沟问题（时间损失和非时间损失）的患病率、发病率和严重程度，并探讨这些情况的潜在 preseason 危险因素。
设计：前瞻性 1 个赛季的队列研究。
地点：职业和半职业瑞典冰球运动员。
患者或其他参与者：共邀请 12 支职业和半职业男子冰球队伍参加。其中，9 支队伍同意，共有 163 名运动员参加了分析。
主要观察指标：上赛季（时间损失、非时间损失）的髋关节和腹股沟问题、等距内收和外展力量以及 5 秒挤压测试结果在赛季前记录，并作为危险因素分析中的自变量。主要观察指标为髋关节和腹股沟问题的累积发病率、平均患病率和季节腹股沟问题的比值比（OR）。
结果：所有问题的累积发病率为 45.4%（95%CI=37.6%，53.4%），严重问题的发病率为 19%（95%CI=13.3%，25.9%）。所有问题的平均患病率为 14.1%（95%CI=10.8%，17.5%），严重问题的患病率为 5.7%（95%CI=4.3%，7.2%）。在报告的问题中，69.2%的问题逐渐出现，只有 17%导致时间损失。上赛季无时间损失问题的运动员出现新问题的几率更高（所有问题：OR=3.3[95%CI=1.7, 6.3]；严重问题：OR=3.6[95%CI=1.8, 8.4]）。 preseason 力量与随后出现问题的几率无显著相关性。
结论：髋关节和腹股沟问题在冰球运动员中很常见，可能导致运动表现严重受损。只有 1/5 的问题导致时间损失，7/10 的问题逐渐出现。上赛季无时间损失问题是新问题的一个显著危险因素，而 preseason 髋关节内收和外展力量下降则不是。
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