Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Græcia" University, "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.Le Europa, (Loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022 Jun;30(6):2149-2157. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-06924-5. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
PURPOSE: Groin pain is a widely recognized medical issue among athletes. Groin pain can affect both player and team performance and sometimes can be a career-ending injury. The aim of this study was to assess seasonal groin pain prevalence and the average seasonal time loss from sport for each injury in different team sport athletes. The hip and groin functionality at the beginning of the following season was also investigated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 600 team sport athletes (soccer, futsal, basketball, volleyball, and water polo players). The seasonal prevalence of groin pain, level of competition (professional and non-professional), time loss, and concomitant injuries in addition to groin pain were reported and analyzed. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) was used to assess hip and groin pain and function related to sport and activity. RESULTS: Among the 506 (84%) players included, 123 players (24.3%) reported groin pain. Overall, soccer players reported the highest groin pain prevalence (32.5%) followed by futsal (25.5%), basketball (25.2%), water polo (17.6%) and volleyball players (13.6%). Professional soccer, futsal and basketball athletes showed higher groin pain prevalence in comparison with non-professional athletes (p = 0.02, p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean time loss from sport due to groin pain was 60.3 ± 66 days in soccer, 41.1 ± 16.6 days in futsal, 31.5 ± 18 days in water polo, 37.2 ± 14.2 days in basketball and 50.8 ± 24.6 days in volleyball. Significantly lower HAGOS values were found in athletes with groin pain for all sports evaluated compared to athletes with no groin pain history (p = 0.0001). Longer time loss from sport was correlated with lower HAGOS values in soccer (p = 0.002) and futsal (p = 0.002) players with groin pain. Concomitant injuries were correlated with lower HAGOS values in water polo players (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal groin pain occurs in as many as one in four team sport athletes. Soccer players show the highest groin pain prevalence and the longest time loss from sport. Professional athletes report higher prevalence of groin pain in comparison with non-professional athletes. HAGOS appears to be a valid outcome instrument to measure groin pain, correlating with both time loss from sport and concomitant injuries in athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
目的：腹股沟疼痛是运动员中广泛存在的医学问题。腹股沟疼痛会影响运动员和球队的表现，有时甚至会导致职业生涯终结的伤病。本研究的目的是评估不同团队运动项目中腹股沟疼痛的季节性患病率和每种损伤导致运动员赛季损失的平均时间。还研究了下一个赛季开始时髋关节和腹股沟的功能。
方法：对 600 名团队运动项目运动员（足球、五人制足球、篮球、排球和水球运动员）进行了横断面研究。报告和分析了腹股沟疼痛的季节性患病率、竞技水平（职业和非职业）、损失时间以及腹股沟疼痛以外的伴随损伤。使用哥本哈根髋关节和腹股沟结局评分（HAGOS）评估与运动和活动相关的髋关节和腹股沟疼痛和功能。
结果：在 506 名（84%）入选的运动员中，123 名（24.3%）报告有腹股沟疼痛。总体而言，足球运动员报告的腹股沟疼痛患病率最高（32.5%），其次是五人制足球（25.5%）、篮球（25.2%）、水球（17.6%）和排球（13.6%）。与非职业运动员相比，职业足球、五人制足球和篮球运动员的腹股沟疼痛患病率更高（p=0.02、p=0.005 和 p=0.004）。足球运动员因腹股沟疼痛导致赛季损失的平均时间为 60.3±66 天，五人制足球运动员为 41.1±16.6 天，水球运动员为 31.5±18 天，篮球运动员为 37.2±14.2 天，排球运动员为 50.8±24.6 天。与无腹股沟疼痛病史的运动员相比，所有评估运动项目中患有腹股沟疼痛的运动员的 HAGOS 值明显较低（p=0.0001）。足球（p=0.002）和五人制足球（p=0.002）运动员因腹股沟疼痛导致的赛季损失时间较长，与 HAGOS 值较低相关。水球运动员的伴随损伤与 HAGOS 值较低相关（p=0.03）。
结论：在多达四分之一的团队运动项目运动员中会发生季节性腹股沟疼痛。足球运动员的腹股沟疼痛患病率最高，赛季损失时间最长。与非职业运动员相比，职业运动员报告腹股沟疼痛的患病率更高。HAGOS 似乎是一种有效的测量腹股沟疼痛的结果评估工具，与运动员的运动损失时间和伴随损伤相关。
证据等级：IV 级。
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