Taxonomic revision of Baill. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae).

Baill. is a genus of Neotropical lianas in tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). The genus is monophyletic and well supported by morphological and molecular characters. Members of are characterized by a continuous interpetiolar ridge surrounding the stem, bilobed or 4-5-parted calyces, and minute triangular prophylls of the axillary buds. Generic circumscription remained unchanged since the description of the genus, although unclear species limits remained. Based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium work, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we here recognize five species of . Of these, three were recognized in earlier treatments for the genus, while two represent new species described here, Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, and Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, A.Samp. is treated as a synonym of Sprague & Sandwith. In addition, one second-step lectotype is designated for DC., and neotypes are designated for Miers and K.Schum. This work provides a full taxonomic treatment for , including a complete list of synonyms, morphological descriptions, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, conservation status, and comments for all five species recognized.