Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA.
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Aug 5;114(4):1647-1654. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab089.
Ambrosia beetles (Xylosandrus spp.) are pests of woody ornamental nurseries and tree nut orchards. Growers use ethanol-infused bolts and ethanol-mediated bottle traps for monitoring ambrosia beetles in the spring. To refine these monitoring tools, we investigated the 1) sensitivity of the commercially available ethanol pouches placed on bolts compared with that of ethanol-infused bolts for ambrosia beetle attacks; and 2) the effect of aging of ethanol pouches on ambrosia beetle captures in bottle traps. Experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries and pecan orchards in 2019 and 2020. For objective 1, the treatments included a bolt infused with locally purchased ethanol, an ethanol pouch attached to a bolt, and a control (bolt without ethanol). For objective 2, ethanol pouches were initially field-aged for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk and ambrosia beetle captures were documented weekly for 4 wk. Ethanol pouches older than 5 wk were replaced with fresh pouches at the pecan sites while ethanol pouches at nursery sites were aged up to 8 wk. The ethanol-pouch comparison study showed that the number of ambrosia beetle attacks was significantly greater on ethanol-infused bolt traps than with the ethanol pouches on bolts at the nursery and pecan sites in both years. The age of the ethanol pouches did not affect captures of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) in bottle traps within 8 wk of deployment. Results provide practical implications into the sensitivity of the different ethanol lure types in association with bolt traps and the longevity of the ethanol pouches for grower use.
榆绿毛萤叶甲（Xylosandrus spp.）是木质观赏苗圃和坚果园的害虫。种植者在春季使用注入乙醇的螺栓和乙醇介导的瓶式诱捕器来监测榆绿毛萤叶甲。为了改进这些监测工具，我们调查了 1）与注入乙醇的螺栓相比， commercially available ethanol pouches 放置在螺栓上对榆绿毛萤叶甲攻击的敏感性；以及 2）乙醇袋老化对瓶式诱捕器中榆绿毛萤叶甲捕获的影响。实验于 2019 年和 2020 年在观赏苗圃和山核桃果园进行。对于目标 1，处理包括用当地购买的乙醇注入的螺栓、附着在螺栓上的乙醇袋和对照（不含乙醇的螺栓）。对于目标 2，乙醇袋最初在田间老化 0、1、2、3 和 4 周，每周记录榆绿毛萤叶甲的捕获情况 4 周。在山核桃园，超过 5 周的乙醇袋用新鲜袋更换，而苗圃的乙醇袋则老化至 8 周。乙醇袋比较研究表明，在 2 年中，苗圃和山核桃园的螺栓诱捕器上，与螺栓上的乙醇袋相比，注入乙醇的螺栓诱捕器上榆绿毛萤叶甲的攻击次数明显更多。在 8 周内，乙醇袋的年龄不会影响 Xylosandrus crassiusculus（Motschulsky）和 X. germanus（Blandford）在瓶式诱捕器中的捕获量。研究结果为不同类型的乙醇诱饵与螺栓诱捕器结合的敏感性以及乙醇袋在种植者使用中的耐用性提供了实际意义。
