Functionalization of cellulosic fibers with a kaolinite-TiO nano-hybrid composite via a solvothermal process for flame retardant applications.

Eco-responsible flame retardant treatments with some resistance to washing are of considerable interest in the sale and applications of technical garments and home textiles. Thus, in the present study, a nano-hybrid composite based on kaolinite-TiO was prepared and incorporated into the fibers of cotton fabric through a more sustainable route compared to existing commercial processes. SEM analyses revealed a mineral covering of the treated cotton fibers, which do not propagate flames when exposed to fire and have a self-extinguishing behavior after the heat source removal. The method proved to be efficient in obtaining a cotton product with high fireproof performance. It was observed that after functionalization, the fabric showed a thermal degradation 41% less at 800 °C, an increase in the residue formation, and a reduction of about 85% in peak heat release measured by PCFC. Some resistance to washing was noticed, and the mechanical resistance of fibers was preserved.