Miao Zhenwei, Yan Dongpeng, Zhang Teng, Yang Fan, Zhang Shuangkun, Liu Wei, Wu Zhanpeng
State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Jul 14;13(27):32094-32105. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c05884. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
Modification by intumescent flame retardants is an effective way to impart antiflame properties to fabric materials. Polyphosphazene elastomers contain all three elements required by intumescent flame retardants: an acid source, a gas source, and a carbon source, making them all-in-one integrated intumescent flame retardants. In this work, halogen-free poly(dimethoxy)phosphazene (PDMP) loaded with 29.0 wt % phosphorus and 13.1 wt % nitrogen is shown to be an ideal flame retardant for fabric materials. For the first time, transparent and elastic PDMP was applied as an intumescent flame retardant for cotton fabric. The PDMP-coated cotton shows remarkable high-efficiency flame-retardant properties: (1) a self-extinguishing property during the vertical flame test is obtained when the add-on level reaches 5.3 wt %, with a lower smoke release character; (2) the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of coated cotton are improved with increasing add-on level, and the thickness of the coating is measured to be at the nanolevel, 2540 nm when 10.9 wt % PDMP is coated. The coated cotton shows enhanced carbonization ability at lower temperatures, which is the key to imparting flame-retardant properties to cotton, and the PDMP-coated cotton shows remarkably lower peak heat release rate and total heat release compared to the control cotton during combustion. The durability of modified cotton was tested after 50 laundering cycles, which showed that the coating maintains 80% of its initial mass, and the after-laundering sample preserves the characteristics of self-extinguishing and a high LOI. Thus, the PDMP nanocoating-modified flame-retardant cotton fabric is sufficiently durable for practical application.
用膨胀型阻燃剂进行改性是赋予织物材料阻燃性能的有效方法。聚磷腈弹性体包含膨胀型阻燃剂所需的所有三种元素：酸源、气源和碳源，使其成为一体化的膨胀型阻燃剂。在这项工作中，负载29.0 wt%磷和13.1 wt%氮的无卤聚（二甲氧基）磷腈（PDMP）被证明是织物材料的理想阻燃剂。首次将透明且有弹性的PDMP用作棉织物的膨胀型阻燃剂。涂覆PDMP的棉织物表现出显著的高效阻燃性能：（1）当添加量达到5.3 wt%时，在垂直燃烧试验中获得自熄性能，且发烟特性较低；（2）涂覆棉织物的极限氧指数（LOI）值随添加量增加而提高，当涂覆10.9 wt%的PDMP时，涂层厚度测量为纳米级，即2540 nm。涂覆棉织物在较低温度下碳化能力增强，这是赋予棉织物阻燃性能的关键，并且在燃烧过程中，涂覆PDMP的棉织物与对照棉相比，峰值热释放速率和总热释放显著更低。在50次洗涤循环后测试了改性棉的耐久性，结果表明涂层保持其初始质量的80%，洗涤后的样品保留了自熄和高LOI的特性。因此，PDMP纳米涂层改性的阻燃棉织物在实际应用中具有足够的耐久性。
