Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021 Jun 1;27(3):633-651. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000965.
The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are relatively rare, but they represent a distinct set of syndromes that are important to recognize. Despite their unique features, TACs often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for several years, leading to unnecessary pain and suffering. A significant proportion of TAC presentations may have secondary causes.
The underlying pathophysiology of TACs is likely rooted in hypothalamic dysfunction and derangements in the interplay of circuitry involving trigeminovascular, trigeminocervical, trigeminoautonomic, circadian, and nociceptive systems. Recent therapeutic advancements include a better understanding of how to use older therapies more effectively and the identification of new approaches.
TAC syndromes are rare but important to recognize because of their debilitating nature and greater likelihood for having potentially serious underlying causes. Although treatment options have remained somewhat limited, scientific inquiry is continually advancing our understanding of these syndromes and how best to manage them.
三叉自主神经性头痛（TAC）较为罕见，但却是一组具有独特特征的综合征，需要加以识别。尽管 TAC 具有独特的特征，但它们常常被误诊或漏诊数年，导致不必要的疼痛和痛苦。很大一部分 TAC 表现可能有继发性原因。
TAC 的潜在病理生理学可能源于下丘脑功能障碍以及涉及三叉血管、三叉颈、三叉自主、昼夜节律和痛觉系统的相互作用的电路紊乱。最近的治疗进展包括更好地了解如何更有效地使用旧疗法，以及确定新方法。
TAC 综合征虽然罕见，但因其具有使人虚弱的性质，以及更有可能存在潜在严重的根本原因，因此需要加以识别。尽管治疗选择仍然有些有限，但科学研究不断推进我们对这些综合征的理解以及如何最好地管理它们。
