Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
CHEM.I.NET Ltd., Room 320, 773-3, Mok-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 15;285:117406. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117406. Epub 2021 May 19.
Outdoor concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM) are often used as a surrogate for population exposure to PM in epidemiological studies. However, people spend most of their daily activities indoors; therefore, the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM concentrations should be considered in the estimation of population exposure to PM. In this study, a population exposure model was developed to predict seasonal population exposure to PM in Seoul, Korea. The input data for the population exposure model comprised 3984 time-location patterns, outdoor PM concentrations, and the microenvironment-to-outdoor PM concentrations in seven microenvironments. A probabilistic approach was used to develop the Korea simulation exposure model. The determinants for the population exposure group were identified using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Population exposure to PM varied significantly among the three seasons (p < 0.01). The mean ± standard deviation of population exposures to PM was 21.3 ± 4.0 μg/m in summer, 9.8 ± 2.7 μg/m in autumn, and 29.9 ± 10.6 μg/m in winter. Exposure to PM higher than 35 μg/m mainly occurred in winter. Gender, age, working hours, and health condition were identified as significant determinants in the exposure groups. An "unhealthy" health condition was the most significant determinant. The high PM exposure group was characterized as a higher proportion of males of a lower age with longer working hours. The population exposure model for PM could be used to implement effective interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of control policies to reduce exposure.
室外空气中直径小于 2.5μm 的颗粒物（PM）浓度通常被用作流行病学研究中人群 PM 暴露的替代物。然而，人们大部分时间都在室内活动；因此，在估计人群 PM 暴露时，应考虑室内和室外 PM 浓度之间的关系。在这项研究中，开发了一种人群暴露模型来预测韩国首尔的季节性人群 PM 暴露。人群暴露模型的输入数据包括 3984 个时间-地点模式、室外 PM 浓度以及七个微环境中的微环境-室外 PM 浓度。使用概率方法开发了韩国模拟暴露模型。使用多项逻辑回归分析确定了人群暴露组的决定因素。人群对 PM 的暴露在三个季节之间存在显著差异（p<0.01）。夏季、秋季和冬季人群对 PM 的平均暴露分别为 21.3±4.0μg/m、9.8±2.7μg/m 和 29.9±10.6μg/m。暴露于 35μg/m 以上的 PM 主要发生在冬季。性别、年龄、工作时间和健康状况被确定为暴露组中的重要决定因素。“不健康”的健康状况是最重要的决定因素。高 PM 暴露组的特点是男性比例较高，年龄较低，工作时间较长。PM 人群暴露模型可用于实施有效的干预措施，并评估控制政策的有效性，以减少暴露。
