National Institute for Public Health and the Environment A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan, 93720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
European Food Safety Authority Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 1;284:117374. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117374. Epub 2021 May 18.
Identification of thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs), one of the most studied types of endocrine disruptors (EDs), is required according to EU regulations on industrial chemicals, pesticides, and biocides. Following that requirement, the use of fish as a unique non-mammalian model species for identification of EDs may be warranted. This study summarized and evaluated effects of TDCs on fish thyroid sensitive endpoints including thyroid hormones, thyroid related gene expression, immunostaining for thyroid follicles, eye size and pigmentation, swim bladder inflation as well as effects of TDCs on secondary sex characteristics, sex ratio, growth and reproduction. Changes in thyroid sensitive endpoints may reflect the balanced outcome of different processes of the thyroid cascade. Thyroid sensitive endpoints may also be altered by non-thyroid molecular or endocrine pathways as well as non-specific factors such as general toxicity, development, stress, nutrient, and the environmental factors like temperature and pH. Defining chemical specific effects on thyroid sensitive endpoints is important for identification of TDCs. Application of the AOP (adverse outcome pathway) concept could be helpful for defining critical events needed for testing and identification of TDCs in fish.
根据欧盟关于工业化学品、农药和生物杀灭剂的法规，需要识别甲状腺干扰化学物质（TDCs），这是研究最多的内分泌干扰物（EDs）类型之一。根据这一要求，使用鱼类作为一种独特的非哺乳动物模型物种来识别 EDs 可能是合理的。本研究总结和评估了 TDCs 对鱼类甲状腺敏感终点的影响，包括甲状腺激素、甲状腺相关基因表达、甲状腺滤泡免疫染色、眼睛大小和色素沉着、鳔充气以及 TDCs 对次级性特征、性别比例、生长和繁殖的影响。甲状腺敏感终点的变化可能反映了甲状腺级联不同过程的平衡结果。甲状腺敏感终点也可能被非甲状腺分子或内分泌途径以及非特异性因素如一般毒性、发育、应激、营养以及温度和 pH 等环境因素改变。确定化学物质对甲状腺敏感终点的特定影响对于识别 TDCs 非常重要。应用 AOP（不良结局途径）概念对于确定测试和识别鱼类 TDCs 所需的关键事件可能会有所帮助。
