Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Neurol Neurosci. 2021;45:75-90. doi: 10.1159/000514966. Epub 2021 May 28.
During the last decade, optogenetic-based circuit mapping has become one of the most common approaches to systems neuroscience, and amassing studies have expanded our understanding of brain structures causally involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Recent imaging technologies enable the functional mapping of cellular activity, from population down to single-cell resolution, across a broad repertoire of behaviors and physiological processes, including sleep-wake states. This chapter summarizes experimental evidence implicating hypocretins/orexins, melanin-concentrating hormone, and inhibitory neurons from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in forming an intricate network involved in regulating sleep and metabolism, including feeding behaviors. It further confirms the dual sleep-metabolic functions of LH cells, and sheds light on a possible mechanism underlying brain plasticity during sleep and metabolic disorders.
在过去的十年中，基于光遗传学的回路映射已成为系统神经科学中最常用的方法之一，大量的研究扩展了我们对大脑结构的理解，这些结构因果关系地参与了睡眠-觉醒周期的调节。最近的成像技术使我们能够对细胞活动进行功能映射，从群体到单细胞分辨率，涵盖广泛的行为和生理过程，包括睡眠-觉醒状态。本章总结了实验证据，表明下丘脑外侧（LH）中的食欲肽/食欲素、黑色素浓缩激素和抑制性神经元形成了一个复杂的网络，参与调节睡眠和代谢，包括摄食行为。它进一步证实了 LH 细胞的双重睡眠代谢功能，并揭示了睡眠和代谢紊乱期间大脑可塑性的可能机制。
