Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China.
Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
Neural Plast. 2021 May 16;2021:8884642. doi: 10.1155/2021/8884642. eCollection 2021.
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and functions that eventually leads to progressive neurological impairment. In view of the heavy burden on the healthcare system, efficient and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments to reverse the progression of NDs are in urgent need. There has been an increasing interest in using exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers or targeted therapies for neurological diseases recently. In this review, we overviewed the updated studies on exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches in NDs, as well as their association with the pathophysiology of this group of disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). The exosomal miRNAs that are commonly dysregulated across different NDs or are commonly used as therapeutic candidates were also identified and summarized. In summary, the feasibility of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential targeted therapy for NDs has been verified. However, due to the limitations of existing studies and the discrepancies across different studies, high quality laboratory and clinical investigations are still required.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）的特征是神经元和功能逐渐丧失，最终导致进行性神经损伤。鉴于医疗保健系统的负担沉重，需要有效的、可靠的生物标志物来进行早期诊断和治疗，以逆转 NDs 的进展。最近，人们对使用外泌体 miRNA 作为神经疾病的生物标志物或靶向治疗越来越感兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们综述了外泌体 miRNA 作为生物标志物和 NDs 潜在治疗方法的最新研究，以及它们与这组疾病（特别是阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和亨廷顿病（HD））的病理生理学的关联。我们还确定并总结了在不同的 NDs 中普遍失调或常用作治疗候选物的外泌体 miRNA。总之，外泌体 miRNA 作为 NDs 的生物标志物和潜在靶向治疗的可行性已得到验证。但是，由于现有研究的局限性和不同研究之间的差异，仍然需要高质量的实验室和临床研究。
