Busby Lara, Steventon Benjamin
Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
Interface Focus. 2021 Apr 16;11(3):20200057. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0057. eCollection 2021 Jun 6.
Development encompasses processes that occur at multiple length scales, including gene-regulatory interactions, cell movements and reorganization, cell signalling and growth. It is essential that the timing of events in all of these different processes is coordinated to generate well-patterned tissues and organs. However, how the timing of intrinsic cell state changes is coordinated with events occurring at the multi-tissue and whole-organism level is unknown. Here, we argue that an important mechanism that accounts for the integration of timing across levels of organization is provided by , i.e. how morphogenetic events driving tissue shape changes result in the relative displacement of signalling and responding tissues and coordinate developmental timing across scales. In doing so, tissue tectonics provides a mechanism by which the cell specification events intrinsic to cells can be modulated by the temporal exposure to extracellular signals. This exposure is in turn regulated by higher-order properties of the embryo, such as their physical properties, rates of growth and the combination of dynamic cell behaviours, impacting tissue morphogenesis. Tissue tectonics creates a downward flow of information from higher to lower levels of biological organization, providing an instance of downward causation in development.
发育过程包含多个长度尺度上发生的过程,包括基因调控相互作用、细胞运动与重组、细胞信号传导和生长。所有这些不同过程中事件的时间安排必须协调一致,才能生成结构良好的组织和器官。然而,内在细胞状态变化的时间是如何与多组织和全生物体水平上发生的事件相协调的,目前尚不清楚。在此,我们认为,一种重要的机制为组织水平间时间整合提供了解释,即驱动组织形状变化的形态发生事件如何导致信号传导和响应组织的相对位移,并在不同尺度上协调发育时间。通过这种方式,组织构造学提供了一种机制,通过细胞对细胞外信号的时间暴露,可以调节细胞固有的细胞特化事件。这种暴露反过来又受胚胎的高阶特性调节,如它们的物理特性、生长速率以及动态细胞行为的组合,从而影响组织形态发生。组织构造学创造了从生物组织的较高层次到较低层次的信息流,为发育过程中的下行因果关系提供了一个实例。