Diaz Escarcega Rocio, McCullough Louise D, Tsvetkov Andrey S
Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 May 14;8:683767. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.683767. eCollection 2021.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that is present in all eukaryotic cells and plays key roles in various extracellular, cytosolic, and nuclear signaling pathways. Two sphingosine kinase isoforms, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), synthesize S1P by phosphorylating sphingosine. While SPHK1 is a cytoplasmic kinase, SPHK2 is localized to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The SPHK2/S1P pathway regulates transcription, telomere maintenance, mitochondrial respiration, among many other processes. SPHK2 is under investigation as a target for treating many age-associated conditions, such as cancer, stroke, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we will focus on the role of SPHK2 in health and disease.
鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（S1P）是一种生物活性脂质分子，存在于所有真核细胞中，并在各种细胞外、胞质和核信号通路中发挥关键作用。两种鞘氨醇激酶同工型，即鞘氨醇激酶1（SPHK1）和鞘氨醇激酶2（SPHK2），通过磷酸化鞘氨醇来合成S1P。虽然SPHK1是一种胞质激酶，但SPHK2定位于细胞核、内质网和线粒体。SPHK2/S1P途径调节转录、端粒维持、线粒体呼吸等许多过程。SPHK2作为治疗许多与年龄相关疾病（如癌症、中风和神经退行性变）的靶点正在研究中。在本综述中，我们将重点关注SPHK2在健康和疾病中的作用。
