Gardner R A, Molyneux D H
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford.
Parasitology. 1988 Jun;96 ( Pt 3):433-47. doi: 10.1017/s0031182000080082.
Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) incertum Pittaluga 1905 was found in 33 out of 206 Pipistrellus pipistrellus caught at various sites in Britain. The trypanosome is described from blood smears. Development took place in laboratory-reared Cimex pipistrelli and Cimex lectularius. Epimastigote forms initially multiplied rapidly in the ventriculus and midgut of Cimex. Metacyclic trypanosomes were found in the rectum of both species of Cimex after 8 days when bugs were maintained at 20 degrees C and as early as 3 days at 30 degrees C. Electron microscopy of infected bugs revealed that there was no attachment to epithelial cells of the ventriculus or midgut, but within the rectum epimastigotes were attached by their flagella to the cuticle of the rectum by hemidesmosomes. Transmission was achieved by feeding experimentally infected bugs to bats kept in the laboratory. These bats were negative as judged by xenodiagnosis using laboratory-reared Cimex. Bats which had been caught in the wild demonstrated low-grade or sub-patent parasitaemias (positive in xenodiagnosis) for up to 400 days after the day of capture. Despite an extensive search of impression smears of tissues immediately after trypanosomes first appeared in the blood of experimentally infected bats no multiplicative stages were found.
1905年皮塔卢加发现的未定种锥虫（巨型锥虫）在英国各地捕获的206只伏翼中，有33只被检测到。该锥虫通过血涂片进行描述。其发育过程在实验室饲养的伏翼臭虫和温带臭虫体内进行。前鞭毛体最初在臭虫的心室和中肠中迅速繁殖。当臭虫在20摄氏度下饲养时，8天后在两种臭虫的直肠中发现了循环后期锥虫，而在30摄氏度下，早在3天就发现了。对受感染臭虫的电子显微镜检查显示，前鞭毛体在心室或中肠的上皮细胞上没有附着，但在直肠内，前鞭毛体通过半桥粒将其鞭毛附着在直肠的角质层上。通过将实验感染的臭虫喂给实验室饲养的蝙蝠来实现传播。根据使用实验室饲养的臭虫进行的接种诊断判断，这些蝙蝠呈阴性。在野外捕获的蝙蝠在捕获后的400天内表现出低度或亚临床寄生虫血症（接种诊断呈阳性）。尽管在实验感染的蝙蝠血液中首次出现锥虫后立即对组织印片进行了广泛搜索，但未发现增殖阶段。
