School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Education, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 1;16(6):e0252278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252278. eCollection 2021.
People's preference to help single victims about whom they have some information is known as the identifiable victim effect. Previous research suggests that this effect stems from an intensive emotional reaction toward specific victims. The findings of two studies consistently show that the identifiability effect is attenuated when the subject is in a positive mood. Study 1 (along with a pilot study) demonstrate causal relationships between mood and identifiability, while using different manipulations to induce moods. In both studies, donations to identified victims exceeded donations to unidentified people-in the Negative Mood manipulations-while participants in the Positive Mood conditions showed no such preference. In Study 2, individual differences in people's moods interacted with the recipient's identifiability in predicting donations, demonstrating that the identifiability effect is attenuated by a positive mood. In addition, emotional reactions toward the victims replicate the donation pattern, suggesting emotions as a possible explanation for the observed donation pattern.
人们更愿意帮助自己有所了解的单一受害者，这种现象被称为可识别受害者效应。先前的研究表明，这种效应源于对特定受害者的强烈情绪反应。两项研究的结果一致表明，当主体处于积极情绪时，可识别性效应会减弱。研究 1（以及一项试点研究）通过使用不同的操作来诱导情绪，证明了情绪和可识别性之间的因果关系。在这两项研究中，在消极情绪操作中，对已识别受害者的捐款超过了对未识别者的捐款，而在积极情绪条件下的参与者则没有表现出这种偏好。在研究 2 中，人们情绪的个体差异与受助者的可识别性相互作用，预测了捐款，表明积极情绪会减弱可识别性效应。此外，对受害者的情绪反应复制了捐款模式，表明情绪可能是观察到的捐款模式的一个解释。
