In the 1990s, interprofessional education (IPE) was introduced to health professionals in higher education; it has come to be regarded as a standard learning method. However, major barriers remain regarding its introduction and smooth operation. This study conducted a questionnaire survey at educational facilities for health professionals in Japan; it developed scales to measure the recognition of barriers to and benefits of IPE implementation. We surveyed chairpersons responsible for 2,690 courses in Japanese health education facilities. We used for analysis the responses related to 767 courses (valid response rate, 28.5%). In all, 216 courses (28.7%) implemented IPE. We conducted exploratory factor analysis and developed scales for measuring the recognition of barriers to IPE implementation (15 items) and its benefits (11 items). We observed a significant relationship between the state of IPE implementation and recognition of barriers to and benefits of IPE. Using information and communication technology and faculty development for faculty members would be effective in removing the barriers to IPE implementation.