Use of the dual construct lowers rod strains in flexion-extension and lateral bending compared to two-rod and two-rod satellite constructs in a cadaveric spine corpectomy model.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Complex spinal reconstructions involving corpectomies, or osteotomies, place spinal implants at extremely high stresses that can lead to pseudoarthrosis and ultimately to rod failure, resulting in revision surgery. Current clinical options to increase the biomechanical strength of a construct include increasing rod diameter, changing rod material, or placing an additional satellite/outrigger rod on a standard two rod construct. Fundamentally, all of these constructs still rely on two longitudinal rods across the reconstruction site and are therefore at risk for rod fracture and loss of alignment. Initially described in 2006, the Dual Construct was developed to address this limitation by utilizing four distinct mechanically independent rods, which allowed for the creation of two separate, and distinct, constructs within each patient. Although there is early clinical evidence to support its efficacy, this is the first biomechanical study to compare the Dual Construct to the two-rod and two-rod with satellite configurations in a cadaveric study.

PURPOSE

To assess the biomechanical impact of the Dual Construct technique to traditional two-rod and two-rod with satellite rod construct in a cadaveric model.

STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Biomechanical cadaveric study METHODS: Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric spines (6 males, 3 females, 56 year +/- 9 years) from T9-pelvis were instrumented and tested utilizing all three configurations including two-rod construct, two-rod with satellite construct, and the Dual Construct technique. Biomechanical testing order of the various constructs was randomized to reduce potential effects of order bias. Strain gauges were placed in both the coronal and sagittal planes of the rods to track the strains during flexion-extension and lateral bending while undergoing range of motion testing. Testing was performed using pure-moment flexibility testing protocols.

RESULTS

In flexion-extension, the resultant strain in the two-rod construct was an average 600±228 microstrain, the two-rod with satellite rod strain averaged 603±237 microstrain, and the Dual Construct averaged 403±149 microstrain. In lateral bending, the resultant strain in the two-rod construct was an average of 266±134 microstrain, the satellite rod strain was an average of 310±158 microstrain, and the Dual Construct averaged 118±51 microstrain. In both flexion extension and lateral bending, a significant reduction in strain was observed between the Dual Construct condition compared to both the two-rod and satellite configurations. No significant difference was found between the two-rod and two-rod with satellite rod configurations.

CONCLUSIONS

The increase in load sharing significantly decreases the strain experienced across the Dual Construct compared to traditional two-rod and two-rod with satellite constructs. Global rod strains on primary rods cannot be reduced by simply increasing the number of satellite rods, but can only be reduce by increasing the actual number of primary rods.