Choi Jong-Yun, Kim Seong-Ki
National Institute of Ecology, Seo-Cheon Gun 325-813, Chungcheongnam Province, Korea.
Biology (Basel). 2021 May 1;10(5):393. doi: 10.3390/biology10050393.
Frequent predation induces various defense strategies in prey, including morphological changes or migration patterns in zooplankton. We hypothesized that the winter dominance of in the Upo Wetlands, South Korea, is an evolved temporal defense mechanism to avoid fish predation. Long-term data (2014-2019) showed that fish consumed the most cyclopoid copepods from spring to autumn. preferentially consumed ; thus, density was lower from spring to autumn. However, was abundant in winter when fish consumed fewer copepods. Nauplii density began to increase in late autumn (October-November), and their population growth was fueled through consumption of sp. and sp. Culture experiments showed that sp. contributed more to the growth stage (copepodite or subadult) after nauplii than sp. density was lower in the winters of 2013 and 2016 when the densities of these phytoplankton prey species were lower. In summary, although winter conditions were suitable for copepod survival and population growth, relied heavily on the diversity and species composition of its food sources. The winter dominance of could increase regional biodiversity and contribute significantly to the stability of the freshwater food web.
频繁的捕食会诱导猎物产生各种防御策略，包括浮游动物的形态变化或迁移模式。我们假设，韩国乌波湿地中[物种名称]在冬季占主导地位是一种为避免鱼类捕食而进化出的时间防御机制。长期数据（2014 - 2019年）表明，鱼类在春季到秋季消耗的挠足类桡足虫最多。[物种名称]优先消耗[食物名称]；因此，[食物名称]的密度从春季到秋季较低。然而，当鱼类消耗的桡足虫较少时，[物种名称]在冬季数量丰富。无节幼体密度在深秋（10月至11月）开始增加，其种群增长通过消耗[藻类名称1]和[藻类名称2]得以推动。养殖实验表明，与[藻类名称2]相比，[藻类名称1]在无节幼体之后对生长阶段（桡足幼体或亚成体）的贡献更大。在2013年和2016年冬季，当这些浮游植物猎物物种的密度较低时，[物种名称]的密度也较低。总之，尽管冬季条件适合桡足虫生存和种群增长，但[物种名称]严重依赖其食物来源的多样性和物种组成。[物种名称]在冬季占主导地位可以增加区域生物多样性，并对淡水食物网的稳定性做出重大贡献。
