Teitelbaum G P, Ortega H V, Vinitski S, Stern H, Tsuruda J S, Mitchell D G, Rifkin M D, Bradley W G
Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, Calif.
Radiology. 1988 Sep;168(3):713-9. doi: 10.1148/radiology.168.3.3406402.
Flow-phantom magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with use of both spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GRE) techniques at 1.5 T, was performed on the percutaneous Greenfield (beta-III titanium alloy [TMA wire]), Amplatz (MP32-N alloy), and Simon nitinol filters and TMA wire facsimiles of the bird's nest, Gunther, new retrievable, and Amplatz vena caval filters. SE imaging allowed detection of thrombi as small as 5 X 5 mm trapped within the percutaneous Greenfield, Simon nitinol, and TMA-wire facsimile filters; with the MP32-N Amplatz filter, a larger volume of thrombus (10 X 20-mm clots) was necessary for clot detection. GRE imaging allowed detection of intraluminal tilting of the percutaneous Greenfield and facsimile Amplatz (TMA-wire) filters. GRE imaging was useful for demonstrating postfilter turbulence due to clots, which was greatest for the Amplatz filter. Imaging of facsimile vascular devices made of tantalum or TMA wire did not cause the severe "black-hole" MR artifacts typical of the stainless-steel devices. SE and GRE imaging were very useful for determining caval patency in two patients with previously placed Mobin-Uddin filters. Noninvasive MR evaluation of blood vessels in the presence of a variety of low-artifact intravascular devices appears feasible.
采用自旋回波（SE）和梯度回波（GRE）技术，在1.5T磁场下对经皮格林菲尔德（β-III钛合金[TMA丝]）、安普茨（MP32-N合金）和西蒙镍钛诺滤器以及鸟巢型、冈瑟型、新型可回收型和安普茨腔静脉滤器的TMA丝仿制品进行了血流模拟磁共振（MR）成像。SE成像能够检测到被困在经皮格林菲尔德、西蒙镍钛诺和TMA丝仿制品滤器内小至5×5mm的血栓；对于MP32-N安普茨滤器，检测血栓需要更大体积的血栓（10×20mm的凝块）。GRE成像能够检测到经皮格林菲尔德滤器和仿制品安普茨（TMA丝）滤器的腔内倾斜。GRE成像有助于显示由血栓引起的滤器后湍流，这在安普茨滤器中最为明显。钽或TMA丝制成的仿造血管装置成像不会产生不锈钢装置典型的严重“黑洞”MR伪影。SE和GRE成像对于确定两名先前放置了莫宾-乌丁滤器的患者的腔静脉通畅情况非常有用。在存在各种低伪影血管内装置的情况下，对血管进行非侵入性MR评估似乎是可行的。
