EtoGel for Intra-Articular Drug Delivery: A New Challenge for Joint Diseases Treatment.

Ethosomes have been proposed as potential intra-articular drug delivery devices, in order to obtain a longer residence time of the delivered drug in the knee joint. To this aim, the conventional composition and preparation method were modified. Ethosomes were prepared by using a low ethanol concentration and carrying out a vesicle extrusion during the preparation. The modified composition did not affect the deformability of ethosomes, a typical feature of this colloidal vesicular topical carrier. The maintenance of sufficient deformability bodes well for an effective ethosome application in the treatment of joint pathologies because they should be able to go beyond the pores of the dense collagen II network. The investigated ethosomes were inserted in a three-dimensional network of thermo-sensitive poloxamer gel (EtoGel) to improve the residence time in the joint. Rheological experiments evidenced that EtoGel could allow an easy intra-articular injection at room temperature and hence transform itself in gel form at body temperature into the joint. Furthermore, EtoGel seemed to be able to support the knee joint during walking and running. In vitro studies demonstrated that the amount of used ethanol did not affect the viability of human chondrocytes and nanocarriers were also able to suitably interact with cells.