Vihman Lauri, Kruusmaa Maarja, Raik Jaan
Smart City Center of Excellence (Finest Twins), Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Department of Computer Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 May 8;21(9):3264. doi: 10.3390/s21093264.
Sensor networks provide services to a broad range of applications ranging from intelligence service surveillance to weather forecasting. While most of the sensor networks are terrestrial, Underwater Sensor Networks (USN) are an emerging area. One of the unavoidable and increasing challenges for modern USN technology is tolerating faults, i.e., accepting that hardware is imperfect, and coping with it. Fault Tolerance tends to have more impact in underwater than in terrestrial environment as the latter is generally more forgiving. Moreover, reaching the malfunctioning devices for replacement and maintenance under water is harder and more costly. The current paper is the first to provide an overview of fault-tolerant, particularly cross-layer fault-tolerant, techniques in USNs. In the paper, we present a systematic survey of the techniques, introduce a taxonomy of the Fault Tolerance tasks, present a categorized list of articles, and list the open research issues within the area.
传感器网络为从情报服务监视到天气预报等广泛的应用提供服务。虽然大多数传感器网络是陆地的，但水下传感器网络（USN）是一个新兴领域。现代水下传感器网络技术面临的一个不可避免且日益增加的挑战是容错，即承认硬件存在缺陷并加以应对。容错在水下环境中往往比在陆地环境中产生更大的影响，因为陆地环境通常更具宽容性。此外，在水下找到出现故障的设备进行更换和维护更加困难且成本更高。本文首次对水下传感器网络中的容错技术，特别是跨层容错技术进行了概述。在本文中，我们对这些技术进行了系统的调查，介绍了容错任务的分类法，列出了文章的分类列表，并列出了该领域的开放研究问题。
