Szilágyi Arnold, Radócz László, Hájos Mária Takácsné, Juhász Csaba, Kovács Béla, Kovács Gabriella, Budayné Bódi Erika, Radványi Csaba, Moloi Makoena Joyce, Szőke Lóránt
Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 14;10(5):982. doi: 10.3390/plants10050982.
Woolly cupgrass ( (Thunb.) Kunth) is a new invasive weed in Hungary. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this weed on the biochemistry and growth of maize ( L. cv. Armagnac) under greenhouse conditions. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein were measured in the shoots and roots, whereas the content of the photosynthetic pigments was measured only in the shoots. The measured growth parameters included plant height, root length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight, and stem diameter. Results showed the allelopathic effects of woolly cupgrass on maize, with significant decreases in plant height, root length, root volume, and root dry weight. Woolly cupgrass infestation (WCI) induced significantly higher activities of APX and SOD in the shoots, whereas POD was only induced in the roots. The contents of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll (including relative chlorophyll), carotenoids, and root protein were substantially reduced by WCI, except for the leaf chlorophyll-b. The results suggest that high APX and SOD activities in the shoots could be involved in stabilizing the leaf chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll a/b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight because all of these parameters were not inhibited when these two enzymes were induced. In contrast, high activity of POD in the roots is not effective in counteracting allelopathy. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to further investigate if an increase in the activities of APX and SOD in the shoots of WCI maize is responsible for stabilizing leaf chlorophyll-b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight, which could contribute to improved maize yield under WCI.
牛筋草（(Thunb.) Kunth）是匈牙利一种新的入侵杂草。本研究旨在阐明这种杂草在温室条件下对玉米（L. cv. Armagnac）生物化学和生长的影响。测定了地上部和根部抗氧化酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD））的活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和蛋白质含量，而光合色素含量仅在地上部测定。测定的生长参数包括株高、根长、根体积、根和地上部干重以及茎直径。结果表明牛筋草对玉米有化感作用，株高、根长、根体积和根干重显著降低。牛筋草侵染（WCI）显著诱导地上部APX和SOD的活性升高，而POD仅在根部被诱导。除叶片叶绿素b外，WCI使叶绿素a、总叶绿素（包括相对叶绿素）、类胡萝卜素和根蛋白的含量大幅降低。结果表明，地上部较高的APX和SOD活性可能参与稳定叶片叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b、地上部蛋白质和地上部干重，因为当这两种酶被诱导时，所有这些参数均未受到抑制。相反，根部较高的POD活性在对抗化感作用方面无效。因此，值得进一步研究WCI玉米地上部APX和SOD活性的增加是否有助于稳定叶片叶绿素b、地上部蛋白质和地上部干重，这可能有助于提高WCI条件下玉米的产量。
