Tortajada-Girbés Miguel, Rivas Alejandro, Hernández Manuel, González Ana, Ferrús Maria A, Pina-Pérez Maria C
Department of Pediatrics, University Dr. Peset Hospital, Avda, de Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain.
Departmento Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural (ETSIAMN), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Foods. 2021 May 19;10(5):1124. doi: 10.3390/foods10051124.
Incidence of infection (CDI) has been increasing in recent decades due to different factors, namely (i) extended use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, (ii) transmission within asymptomatic and susceptible patients, and (iii) unbalanced gastrointestinal microbiome and collateral diseases that favor gastrointestinal domination and toxin production. Although antibiotic therapies have resulted in successful control of CDI in the last 20 years, the development of novel strategies is urged in order to combat the capability of to generate and acquire resistance to conventional treatments and its consequent proliferation. In this regard, vegetable and marine bioactives have emerged as alternative and effective molecules to fight against this concerning pathogen. The present review examines the effectiveness of natural antimicrobials from vegetable and algae origin that have been used experimentally in in vitro and in vivo settings to prevent and combat CDI. The aim of the present work is to contribute to accurately describe the prospective use of emerging antimicrobials as future nutraceuticals and preventive therapies, namely (i) as dietary supplement to prevent CDI and reduce CDI recurrence by means of microbiota modulation and (ii) administering them complementarily to other treatments requiring antibiotics to prevent gut invasion and infection progression.
近几十年来，由于不同因素，艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的发病率一直在上升，这些因素包括：（i）广谱抗生素的广泛使用；（ii）在无症状和易感患者中的传播；（iii）胃肠道微生物群失衡以及有利于胃肠道定植和毒素产生的并发疾病。尽管在过去20年中抗生素治疗已成功控制了CDI，但仍迫切需要开发新的策略，以对抗其产生和获得对传统治疗耐药性的能力及其随之而来的扩散。在这方面，植物和海洋生物活性物质已成为对抗这种令人担忧的病原体的替代且有效的分子。本综述研究了来自植物和藻类的天然抗菌剂在体外和体内实验中用于预防和对抗CDI的有效性。本研究的目的是有助于准确描述新兴抗菌剂作为未来营养保健品和预防性疗法的潜在用途，即（i）作为膳食补充剂，通过调节微生物群来预防CDI并减少CDI复发；（ii）与其他需要使用抗生素的治疗方法联合使用，以预防肠道侵袭和感染进展。
