Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden.
Centre for Principal Development, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 18;18(10):5376. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105376.
A high turnover among principals may disrupt the continuity of leadership and negatively affect teachers and, by extension, the students. The aim was to investigate to what extent various work environment factors and signs of exhaustion were associated with reported intentions to change workplace among principals working in compulsory schools. A web-based questionnaire was administered twice, in 2018 and in 2019. Part I of the study involved cross-sectional analyses of the associations 2018 (n = 984) and 2019 (n = 884) between occupational factors, signs of exhaustion, and the intention to change workplace, using Generalized Estimating Equations models. Part II involved 631 principals who participated in both surveys. The patterns of intended and actual changes of workplace across two years were described, together with associated changes of occupational factors and signs of exhaustion. Supportive management was associated with an intention to stay, while demanding role conflicts and the feeling of being squeezed between management and co-workers (buffer-function) were associated with the intention to change workplace. The principals who intended to change their workplace reported more signs of exhaustion. To increase retention among principals, systematic efforts are probably needed at the national, municipal, and local level, in order to improve their working conditions.
校长的高离职率可能会破坏领导力的连续性，并对教师产生负面影响，进而影响学生。本研究旨在探讨在义务教育学校工作的校长报告的工作场所变更意向与哪些工作环境因素和疲惫迹象相关。研究采用基于网络的问卷调查，于 2018 年和 2019 年分两次进行。研究的第一部分涉及 2018 年（n = 984）和 2019 年（n = 884）之间职业因素、疲惫迹象与变更工作场所意向之间关联的横断面分析，使用广义估计方程模型。研究的第二部分涉及参与两次调查的 631 名校长。描述了两年内工作场所的预期和实际变更模式，以及与职业因素和疲惫迹象的相关变化。支持性管理与留守意向相关，而要求角色冲突和在管理层与同事之间（缓冲功能）感到受挤压的感觉与变更工作场所的意向相关。有变更工作场所意向的校长报告的疲惫迹象更多。为了增加校长的留任率，可能需要在国家、市和地方各级进行系统的努力，以改善他们的工作条件。
