Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 25;22(11):5597. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115597.
During development of yeast colonies, various cell subpopulations form, which differ in their properties and specifically localize within the structure. Three branches of mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) signaling play a role in colony development and differentiation, each of them activating the production of specific markers in different cell types. Here, aiming to identify proteins and processes controlled by the RTG pathway, we analyzed proteomes of individual cell subpopulations from colonies of strains, mutated in genes of the RTG pathway. Resulting data, along with microscopic analyses revealed that the RTG pathway predominantly regulates processes in U cells, long-lived cells with unique properties, which are localized in upper colony regions. Rtg proteins therein activate processes leading to amino acid biosynthesis, including transport of metabolic intermediates between compartments, but also repress expression of mitochondrial ribosome components, thus possibly contributing to reduced mitochondrial translation in U cells. The results reveal the RTG pathway's role in activating metabolic processes, important in U cell adaptation to altered nutritional conditions. They also point to the important role of Rtg regulators in repressing mitochondrial activity in U cells.
在酵母菌落的发育过程中，会形成各种细胞亚群，它们在性质上有所不同，并且专门定位于结构内。线粒体逆行（RTG）信号的三个分支在菌落发育和分化中起作用，它们各自激活不同细胞类型中特定标记物的产生。在这里，我们旨在确定由 RTG 途径控制的蛋白质和过程，分析了 RTG 途径基因突变菌株菌落中单个细胞亚群的蛋白质组。结果数据以及显微镜分析表明，RTG 途径主要调控 U 细胞中的过程，U 细胞是具有独特特性的长寿细胞，位于菌落的上部区域。其中的 Rtg 蛋白激活导致氨基酸生物合成的过程，包括代谢中间产物在隔室之间的运输，但也抑制线粒体核糖体成分的表达，从而可能导致 U 细胞中线粒体翻译减少。这些结果揭示了 RTG 途径在激活代谢过程中的作用，这些过程对 U 细胞适应改变的营养条件很重要。它们还指出了 Rtg 调节剂在抑制 U 细胞中线粒体活性方面的重要作用。
