Barcelos Daniel Alves, Leitao Diana C, Pereira Laura C J, Gonçalves M Clara
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Materials (Basel). 2021 May 29;14(11):2926. doi: 10.3390/ma14112926.
Inorganic glass is a transparent functional material and one of the few materials that keeps leading innovation. In the last decades, inorganic glass was integrated into opto-electronic devices such as optical fibers, semiconductors, solar cells, transparent photovoltaic devices, or photonic crystals and in smart materials applications such as environmental, pharmaceutical, and medical sensors, reinforcing its influence as an essential material and providing potential growth opportunities for the market. Moreover, inorganic glass is the only material that is 100% recyclable and can incorporate other industrial offscourings and/or residues to be used as raw materials. Over time, inorganic glass experienced an extensive range of fabrication techniques, from traditional melting-quenching (with an immense diversity of protocols) to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and wet chemistry routes as sol-gel and solvothermal processes. Additive manufacturing (AM) was recently added to the list. Bulks (3D), thin/thick films (2D), flexible glass (2D), powders (2D), fibers (1D), and nanoparticles (NPs) (0D) are examples of possible inorganic glass architectures able to integrate smart materials and opto-electronic devices, leading to added-value products in a wide range of markets. In this review, selected examples of inorganic glasses in areas such as: (i) magnetic glass materials, (ii) solar cells and transparent photovoltaic devices, (iii) photonic crystal, and (iv) smart materials are presented and discussed.
无机玻璃是一种透明功能材料，也是为数不多的持续引领创新的材料之一。在过去几十年里，无机玻璃被集成到光纤、半导体、太阳能电池、透明光伏器件或光子晶体等光电器件中，并应用于环境、制药和医疗传感器等智能材料领域，增强了其作为重要材料的影响力，为市场提供了潜在的增长机会。此外，无机玻璃是唯一一种可100%回收利用的材料，并且可以将其他工业废料和/或残渣作为原材料纳入其中。随着时间的推移，无机玻璃经历了广泛的制造技术，从传统的熔融淬火（有多种不同的工艺）到化学气相沉积（CVD）、物理气相沉积（PVD）以及溶胶-凝胶和溶剂热等湿化学路线。增材制造（AM）最近也被列入其中。块状（3D）、薄膜/厚膜（2D）、柔性玻璃（2D）、粉末（2D）、纤维（1D）和纳米颗粒（NPs）（0D）都是可能的无机玻璃结构的例子，这些结构能够集成智能材料和光电器件，从而在广泛的市场中生产出增值产品。在本综述中，将展示并讨论无机玻璃在以下领域的一些选定实例：（i）磁性玻璃材料，（ii）太阳能电池和透明光伏器件，（iii）光子晶体，以及（iv）智能材料。
