Santorufo Lucia, Memoli Valeria, Panico Speranza Claudia, Santini Giorgia, Barile Rossella, Giarra Antonella, Di Natale Gabriella, Trifuoggi Marco, De Marco Anna, Maisto Giulia
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 31;18(11):5926. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115926.
Mediterranean regions are the most impacted by fire in Europe. The effects of fire on soil greatly vary according to several factors such as vegetation cover type, but they are scarcely studied. Therefore, this research aimed at evaluating the combined impacts of fire and vegetation on single soil characteristics and on the overall soil quality and functionality through two soil quality indices, simple additive (SQI) and a weighted function (SQI). In order to reach the aims, burnt and unburnt soils were collected under different vegetation cover types (herbs and shrubs, black locust, pine and holm oak) within the Vesuvius National Park. The soils were analyzed for the main abiotic (water and organic matter content, total C, N, Ca, K, Cu and Pb concentrations, C/N ratio) and biotic (microbial and fungal biomasses, basal respiration, β-glucosidase activity) characteristics. On the basis of the investigated soil characteristics, several soil functions (water retention, nutrient supply, contamination content, microorganism habitat and activities), and the soil quality indices were calculated. The results showed that the impact of fire on soil quality and functionality was mediated by the vegetation cover type. In fact, fire occurrence led to a decrease in water and C/N ratio under herbs, a decrease in C concentration under holm oak and a decrease in Cu and Pb concentrations under pine. Although the soil characteristics showed significant changes according to vegetation cover types and fire occurrence, both the additive and weighted function soil quality indices did not significantly vary according to both fire occurrence and the vegetation cover type. Among the different vegetation cover types, pine was the most impacted one.
地中海地区是欧洲受火灾影响最严重的地区。火灾对土壤的影响因植被覆盖类型等多种因素而有很大差异，但相关研究很少。因此，本研究旨在通过两个土壤质量指数，即简单相加指数（SQI）和加权函数指数（SQI），评估火灾和植被对单一土壤特性以及整体土壤质量和功能的综合影响。为实现这些目标，在维苏威国家公园内不同植被覆盖类型（草本和灌木、刺槐、松树和圣栎）下采集了火烧土壤和未火烧土壤。对土壤的主要非生物特性（水分和有机质含量、总碳、氮、钙、钾、铜和铅浓度、碳氮比）和生物特性（微生物和真菌生物量、基础呼吸、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性）进行了分析。基于所研究的土壤特性，计算了几种土壤功能（保水、养分供应、污染含量、微生物栖息地和活动）以及土壤质量指数。结果表明，火灾对土壤质量和功能的影响由植被覆盖类型介导。事实上，火灾发生导致草本植物下的水分和碳氮比降低，圣栎下的碳浓度降低，松树下的铜和铅浓度降低。尽管土壤特性根据植被覆盖类型和火灾发生情况显示出显著变化，但相加和加权函数土壤质量指数均未因火灾发生情况和植被覆盖类型而有显著差异。在不同的植被覆盖类型中，松树受影响最大。
