Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Panepistimiou 3, 415-00 Larissa, Greece.
Molecules. 2021 May 26;26(11):3196. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113196.
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting up to 1% of the worldwide population. Available therapy presents different limits comprising lack of efficiency in attenuating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, typical features of schizophrenia and severe side effects. There is pressing requirement, therefore, to develop novel neuroleptics with higher efficacy and safety. Nitric oxide (NO), an intra- and inter-cellular messenger in the brain, appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In particular, underproduction of this gaseous molecule is associated to this mental disease. The latter suggests that increment of nitrergic activity might be of utility for the medication of schizophrenia. Based on the above, molecules able to enhance NO production, as are NO donors, might represent a class of compounds candidates. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a NO donor and is proposed as a promising novel compound for the treatment of schizophrenia. In the present review, we intended to critically assess advances in research of SNP for the therapy of schizophrenia and discuss its potential superiority over currently used neuroleptics.
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，影响全球多达 1%的人口。现有的治疗方法存在不同的局限性，包括缺乏减轻阴性症状和认知缺陷的效果，这些都是精神分裂症的典型特征，同时还伴有严重的副作用。因此，迫切需要开发具有更高疗效和安全性的新型神经安定药。一氧化氮（NO）作为脑内的一种细胞内和细胞间信使，似乎与精神分裂症的发病机制有关。特别是，这种气体分子的产生不足与这种精神疾病有关。这表明增加氮能活性可能对治疗精神分裂症有用。基于上述情况，能够增强 NO 产生的分子，如一氧化氮供体，可能代表一类有前途的候选化合物。硝普钠（SNP）是一种一氧化氮供体，被提议作为一种有前途的新型化合物用于治疗精神分裂症。在本综述中，我们旨在批判性地评估 SNP 在精神分裂症治疗研究中的进展，并讨论其相对于目前使用的神经安定药的潜在优势。
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