School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
J Homosex. 2022 Sep 19;69(11):1928-1963. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1933792. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
Endocrine variations, including possibly reduced exposure to androgens, may contribute to the development of male homosexuality, with animal models demonstrating same-sex mate preference with altered exposure during prenatal or early postnatal development. As similar studies in humans are impossible, indirect physical and cognitive measures of androgen exposure are used. Some studies suggest that physical measures affected by prenatal androgens, including the index-to-ring finger ratio, growth indices, and facial structure, are more "feminine" in gay men. Gay men also exhibit significant childhood gender non-conformity and a "feminized" anatomical and functional brain pattern in sexual arousal, as well as domains such as language, visuospatial skills and hemispheric relationships. However, many of these results are equivocal and may be confounded by other factors. Research has also been hampered by inconsistencies in the reporting of sexual orientation and the potentially unrepresentative populations of gay men studied, while additional complexities pertaining to gender conformity and sexual role may also influence results.
内分泌变化，包括可能减少雄激素的暴露，可能有助于男性同性恋的发展，动物模型显示，在产前或产后早期发育过程中，暴露改变会导致同性伴侣偏好。由于在人类中进行类似的研究是不可能的，因此使用了间接的雄激素暴露的身体和认知测量。一些研究表明，受产前雄激素影响的身体测量指标，包括指长比、生长指数和面部结构，在同性恋男性中更为“女性化”。同性恋男性在性唤起时也表现出明显的童年性别非一致性和“女性化”的解剖和功能大脑模式，以及语言、视空间技能和半球关系等领域。然而，这些结果中有许多是模棱两可的，可能受到其他因素的影响。研究还受到性取向报告的不一致性以及所研究的同性恋男性代表性不足的人群的阻碍，而与性别一致性和性角色相关的其他复杂性也可能影响结果。
