Kotake T, Miki T, Kuroda M
Dept. of Urology, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1988 Aug;15(8):2216-23.
Prognostic factors in genitourinary cancers, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, and testicular tumor, were discussed from several aspects on the basis of the analysis of own cases and reviews of literatures. The anatomical distribution of disease, particularly beyond the kidney, and degree of tumor differentiation were mostly related to prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. In bladder cancer, macroscopic growth pattern, histopathological intramural mode of spread, lymphatic and venous invasion, played an important role in prognosis, as do tumor grade and stage including metastasis. Hormone dependency and tumor markers were reconfirmed to be important and complementary as prognostic indicators as well as stage and grade in prostatic cancer. In testicular tumors, the most important factors for survival were extent of disease and tumor size, and histological cell type and determination of tumor markers, AFP and HCG, were also important and complementary as prognostic indicators.
在对自身病例进行分析并查阅文献的基础上，从多个方面讨论了泌尿生殖系统癌症、肾细胞癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌和睾丸肿瘤的预后因素。疾病的解剖分布，特别是肾脏以外的情况，以及肿瘤分化程度，在肾细胞癌中大多与预后相关。在膀胱癌中，宏观生长模式、组织病理学壁内扩散方式、淋巴和静脉侵犯，以及包括转移情况在内的肿瘤分级和分期，对预后起着重要作用。激素依赖性和肿瘤标志物再次被确认为前列腺癌预后指标以及分期和分级方面重要且互补的因素。在睾丸肿瘤中，生存的最重要因素是疾病范围和肿瘤大小，组织学细胞类型以及肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）的测定，作为预后指标也很重要且具有互补性。
