Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
J Homosex. 2022 Nov 10;69(13):2167-2187. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1935620. Epub 2021 Jun 4.
The term Deaths of Despair (DOD) was introduced to capture the phenomenon of mortality associated with suicide, drug overdose, and alcoholic liver disease. The LGBTQ+ population consistently evidences disproportionately high rates of DOD. This study reviewed the literature on DOD within this community to create a conceptual model that identifies risk factors that work together to potentiate DOD in the LGBTQ+ community. Ten DOD-Related Factors were identified and used to create The Tsunamic Model of LGBTQ+ Deaths of Despair. DOD-Related Factors include: (1) Stigma, (2) Demographics, (3) Identity Development, (4) Internalized Homophobia, (5) Depression, (6) Victimization, (7) Isolation/Rejection, (8) Sensation Seeking, (9) Risky Behavior, and (10) Uninformed Care. Each factor is associated with increased risk for DOD among the LGBTQ+ community. This model can help health professionals by providing a framework for prevention and early intervention programs.
“绝望之死”（Deaths of Despair，DOD）这一术语的提出是为了捕捉与自杀、药物过量和酒精性肝病相关的死亡率现象。 LGBTQ+ 群体的死亡率始终不成比例地偏高。本研究回顾了该群体中与 DOD 相关的文献，以创建一个概念模型，确定共同作用导致 LGBTQ+ 群体中 DOD 的风险因素。确定了 10 个与 DOD 相关的因素，并用于创建 LGBTQ+ 群体中与 DOD 相关的海啸模型。与 DOD 相关的因素包括：（1）耻辱感，（2）人口统计学，（3）身份认同发展，（4）内化的恐同症，（5）抑郁，（6）受害，（7）孤立/排斥，（8）寻求刺激，（9）危险行为，和（10）信息不足的护理。每个因素都与 LGBTQ+ 群体中 DOD 风险的增加有关。该模型可以通过为预防和早期干预计划提供框架来帮助卫生专业人员。
