Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Aug 20;172:152-166. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
动脉粥样硬化是由于脂质在动脉壁中的积累以及由于高脂血症、氧化应激、脂质氧化和蛋白质氧化而导致的硬化。然而，通过饮食改善抗氧化状态可能有助于预防动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的进展。人们认为富含多酚的植物与水果和蔬菜摄入与慢性病之间的反比关系有关。花色苷是具有抗氧化特性的类黄酮多酚，与降低心血管疾病风险有关。花色苷可通过多种措施增加临床前和临床人群的总抗氧化能力、抗氧化防御酶和 HDL 的抗氧化特性。花色苷似乎通过直接的抗氧化特性以及通过诱导细胞内 Nrf2 激活和抗氧化基因表达来间接发挥抗氧化作用。这些作用可抵抗动脉粥样斑块中存在的细胞（包括巨噬细胞和内皮细胞）中的氧化应激和炎症信号。总的来说，花色苷可能通过对细胞抗氧化状态、氧化应激和炎症的作用来预防动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病；然而，其作用机制似乎很复杂，需要进一步阐明。
